Breathable, large-area epidermal electronic systems for recording electromyographic activity during operant conditioning of H-reflex.

TitleBreathable, large-area epidermal electronic systems for recording electromyographic activity during operant conditioning of H-reflex.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2020
AuthorsKwon, Y-T, Norton, JJS, Cutrone, A, Lim, H-R, Kwon, S, Choi, JJ, Kim, HSeok, Jang, YC, Wolpaw, JR, Yeo, W-H
JournalBiosens Bioelectron
Volume165
Pagination112404
Date Published10/2020
ISSN1873-4235
KeywordsBiosensing Techniques, Conditioning, Operant, Electronics, H-Reflex, Humans, Reproducibility of Results
Abstract

Operant conditioning of Hoffmann's reflex (H-reflex) is a non-invasive and targeted therapeutic intervention for patients with movement disorders following spinal cord injury. The reflex-conditioning protocol uses electromyography (EMG) to measure reflexes from specific muscles elicited using transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Despite recent advances in wearable electronics, existing EMG systems that measure muscle activity for operant conditioning of spinal reflexes still use rigid metal electrodes with conductive gels and aggressive adhesives, while requiring precise positioning to ensure reliability of data across experimental sessions. Here, we present the first large-area epidermal electronic system (L-EES) and demonstrate its use in every step of the reflex-conditioning protocol. The L-EES is a stretchable and breathable composite of nanomembrane electrodes (16 electrodes in a four by four array), elastomer, and fabric. The nanomembrane electrode array enables EMG recording from a large surface area on the skin and the breathable elastomer with fabric is biocompatible and comfortable for patients. We show that L-EES can record direct muscle responses (M-waves) and H-reflexes, both of which are comparable to those recorded using conventional EMG recording systems. In addition, L-EES may improve the reflex-conditioning protocol; it has potential to automatically optimize EMG electrode positioning, which may reduce setup time and error across experimental sessions.

DOI10.1016/j.bios.2020.112404
Alternate JournalBiosens Bioelectron
PubMed ID32729524
PubMed Central IDPMC7484316
Grant ListI01 CX001812 / CX / CSRD VA / United States
P41 EB018783 / EB / NIBIB NIH HHS / United States

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