<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blenkmann, Alejandro Omar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leske, Sabine Liliana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Llorens, Anaïs</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin, Jack J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chang, Edward F</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brunner, Peter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schalk, Gerwin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivanovic, Jugoslav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Larsson, Pål Gunnar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Knight, Robert Thomas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Endestad, Tor</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Solbakk, Anne-Kristin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anatomical registration of intracranial electrodes. Robust model-based localization and deformable smooth brain-shift compensation methods.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosci Methods</style></secondary-title><alt-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Neurosci Methods</style></alt-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cerebral Cortex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electrodes, Implanted</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Electroencephalography</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024 Apr</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">404</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">110056</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Intracranial electrodes are typically localized from post-implantation CT artifacts. Automatic algorithms localizing low signal-to-noise ratio artifacts and high-density electrode arrays are missing. Additionally, implantation of grids/strips introduces brain deformations, resulting in registration errors when fusing post-implantation CT and pre-implantation MR images. Brain-shift compensation methods project electrode coordinates to cortex, but either fail to produce smooth solutions or do not account for brain deformations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;NEW METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We first introduce GridFit, a model-based fitting approach that simultaneously localizes all electrodes' CT artifacts in grids, strips, or depth arrays. Second, we present CEPA, a brain-shift compensation algorithm combining orthogonal-based projections, spring-mesh models, and spatial regularization constraints.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;We tested GridFit on ∼6000 simulated scenarios. The localization of CT artifacts showed robust performance under difficult scenarios, such as noise, overlaps, and high-density implants (&lt;1 mm errors). Validation with data from 20 challenging patients showed 99% accurate localization of the electrodes (3160/3192). We tested CEPA brain-shift compensation with data from 15 patients. Projections accounted for simple mechanical deformation principles with &lt; 0.4 mm errors. The inter-electrode distances smoothly changed across neighbor electrodes, while changes in inter-electrode distances linearly increased with projection distance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;GridFit succeeded in difficult scenarios that challenged available methods and outperformed visual localization by preserving the inter-electrode distance. CEPA registration errors were smaller than those obtained for well-established alternatives. Additionally, modeling resting-state high-frequency activity in five patients further supported CEPA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;GridFit and CEPA are versatile tools for registering intracranial electrode coordinates, providing highly accurate results even in the most challenging implantation scenarios. The methods are implemented in the iElectrodes open-source toolbox.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>