%0 Journal Article %J Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology %D 2008 %T A P300-based brain-computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. %A Nijboer, F. %A Sellers, E. W. %A Mellinger, J. %A Jordan, M. A. %A Matuz, T. %A Adrian Furdea %A S Halder %A Mochty, U. %A Krusienski, D. J. %A Theresa M Vaughan %A Jonathan Wolpaw %A Niels Birbaumer %A Kübler, A. %K Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis %K brain-computer interface %K electroencephalogram %K event-related potentials %K P300 %K Rehabilitation %X OBJECTIVE: The current study evaluates the efficacy of a P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) communication device for individuals with advanced ALS. METHODS: Participants attended to one cell of a N x N matrix while the N rows and N columns flashed randomly. Each cell of the matrix contained one character. Every flash of an attended character served as a rare event in an oddball sequence and elicited a P300 response. Classification coefficients derived using a stepwise linear discriminant function were applied to the data after each set of flashes. The character receiving the highest discriminant score was presented as feedback. RESULTS: In Phase I, six participants used a 6 x 6 matrix on 12 separate days with a mean rate of 1.2 selections/min and mean online and offline accuracies of 62% and 82%, respectively. In Phase II, four participants used either a 6 x 6 or a 7 x 7 matrix to produce novel and spontaneous statements with a mean online rate of 2.1 selections/min and online accuracy of 79%. The amplitude and latency of the P300 remained stable over 40 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Participants could communicate with the P300-based BCI and performance was stable over many months. SIGNIFICANCE: BCIs could provide an alternative communication and control technology in the daily lives of people severely disabled by ALS. %B Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology %V 119 %P 1909–1916 %8 08/2008 %G eng %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18571984 %R 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.034 %0 Journal Article %J Neurology %D 2005 %T Patients with ALS can use sensorimotor rhythms to operate a brain-computer interface. %A Kübler, A. %A Nijboer, F. %A Mellinger, J. %A Theresa M Vaughan %A Pawelzik, H. %A Gerwin Schalk %A Dennis J. McFarland %A Niels Birbaumer %A Jonathan Wolpaw %K User-Computer Interface %X People with severe motor disabilities can maintain an acceptable quality of life if they can communicate. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which do not depend on muscle control, can provide communication. Four people severely disabled by ALS learned to operate a BCI with EEG rhythms recorded over sensorimotor cortex. These results suggest that a sensorimotor rhythm-based BCI could help maintain quality of life for people with ALS. %B Neurology %V 64 %P 1775–1777 %8 05/2005 %G eng %U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911809 %R 10.1212/01.WNL.0000158616.43002.6D