TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the BCI Competition IV. JF - Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics Y1 - 2012 A1 - Tangermann, M. A1 - Muller, K.R. A1 - Aertsen, A. A1 - Niels Birbaumer A1 - Christoph Braun A1 - Brunner, Clemens A1 - Leeb, R. A1 - Mehring, C. A1 - Miller, K.J. A1 - Mueller-Putz, G. A1 - Nolte, G. A1 - Pfurtscheller, G. A1 - Preissl, H. A1 - Gerwin Schalk A1 - Schlögl, A. A1 - Vidaurre, C. A1 - Waldert, S. A1 - Benjamin Blankertz KW - BCI KW - brain-computer interface KW - competition AB - The BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students. The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) session-to-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs. VL - 6 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22811657 IS - 55 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - The BCI Competition 2003: progress and perspectives in detection and discrimination of EEG single trials. JF - IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering Y1 - 2004 A1 - Benjamin Blankertz A1 - Müller, Klaus-Robert A1 - Curio, Gabriel A1 - Theresa M Vaughan A1 - Gerwin Schalk A1 - Jonathan Wolpaw A1 - Schlögl, Alois A1 - Neuper, Christa A1 - Pfurtscheller, Gert A1 - Hinterberger, Thilo A1 - Schröder, Michael A1 - Niels Birbaumer KW - augmentative communication KW - BCI KW - beta-rhythm KW - brain-computer interface KW - EEG KW - ERP KW - imagined hand movements KW - lateralized readiness potential KW - mu-rhythm KW - P300 KW - Rehabilitation KW - single-trial classification KW - slow cortical potentials AB - Interest in developing a new method of man-to-machine communication–a brain-computer interface (BCI)–has grown steadily over the past few decades. BCIs create a new communication channel between the brain and an output device by bypassing conventional motor output pathways of nerves and muscles. These systems use signals recorded from the scalp, the surface of the cortex, or from inside the brain to enable users to control a variety of applications including simple word-processing software and orthotics. BCI technology could therefore provide a new communication and control option for individuals who cannot otherwise express their wishes to the outside world. Signal processing and classification methods are essential tools in the development of improved BCI technology. We organized the BCI Competition 2003 to evaluate the current state of the art of these tools. Four laboratories well versed in EEG-based BCI research provided six data sets in a documented format. We made these data sets (i.e., labeled training sets and unlabeled test sets) and their descriptions available on the Internet. The goal in the competition was to maximize the performance measure for the test labels. Researchers worldwide tested their algorithms and competed for the best classification results. This paper describes the six data sets and the results and function of the most successful algorithms. VL - 51 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15188876 ER -