TY - JOUR T1 - Evolution of brain-computer interfaces: going beyond classic motor physiology. JF - Neurosurg Focus Y1 - 2009 A1 - Leuthardt, E C A1 - Gerwin Schalk A1 - Roland, Jarod A1 - Rouse, Adam A1 - Moran, D KW - Brain KW - Cerebral Cortex KW - Humans KW - Man-Machine Systems KW - Motor Cortex KW - Movement KW - Movement Disorders KW - Neuronal Plasticity KW - Prostheses and Implants KW - Research KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - User-Computer Interface AB -

The notion that a computer can decode brain signals to infer the intentions of a human and then enact those intentions directly through a machine is becoming a realistic technical possibility. These types of devices are known as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The evolution of these neuroprosthetic technologies could have significant implications for patients with motor disabilities by enhancing their ability to interact and communicate with their environment. The cortical physiology most investigated and used for device control has been brain signals from the primary motor cortex. To date, this classic motor physiology has been an effective substrate for demonstrating the potential efficacy of BCI-based control. However, emerging research now stands to further enhance our understanding of the cortical physiology underpinning human intent and provide further signals for more complex brain-derived control. In this review, the authors report the current status of BCIs and detail the emerging research trends that stand to augment clinical applications in the future.

VL - 27 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19569892 IS - 1 ER -