TY - JOUR T1 - Electrocorticographic Frequency Alteration Mapping: A Clinical Technique for Mapping the Motor Cortex. JF - Neurosurgery Y1 - 2007 A1 - Leuthardt, E C A1 - Miller, John W A1 - Nicholas R Anderson A1 - Gerwin Schalk A1 - Dowling, Joshua A1 - Miller, John W A1 - Moran, D A1 - Ojemann, J G KW - Adult KW - Biological Clocks KW - Brain Mapping KW - Electric Stimulation KW - Electrodes, Implanted KW - Electroencephalography KW - Female KW - Hand KW - Humans KW - Male KW - Middle Aged KW - Motor Cortex KW - Oscillometry KW - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted KW - Tongue AB -

OBJECTIVE: 

Electrocortical stimulation (ECS) has been well established for delineating the eloquent cortex. However, ECS is still coarse and inefficient in delineating regions of the functional cortex and can be hampered by after-discharges. Given these constraints, an adjunct approach to defining the motor cortex is the use of electrocorticographic signal changes associated with active regions of the cortex. The broad range of frequency oscillations are categorized into two main groups with respect to the sensorimotor cortex: low and high frequency bands. The low frequency bands tend to show a power reduction with cortical activation, whereas the high frequency bands show power increases. These power changes associated with the activated cortex could potentially provide a powerful tool in delineating areas of the motor cortex. We explore electrocorticographic signal alterations as they occur with activated regions of the motor cortex, as well as its potential in clinical brain mapping applications.

METHODS: 

We evaluated seven patients who underwent invasive monitoring for seizure localization. Each patient had extraoperative ECS mapping to identify the motor cortex. All patients also performed overt hand and tongue motor tasks to identify associated frequency power changes in regard to location and degree of concordance with ECS results that localized either hand or tongue motor function.

RESULTS: 

The low frequency bands had a high sensitivity (88.9-100%) and a lower specificity (79.0-82.6%) for identifying electrodes with either hand or tongue ECS motor responses. The high frequency bands had a lower sensitivity (72.7-88.9%) and a higher specificity (92.4-94.9%) in correlation with the same respective ECS positive electrodes.

CONCLUSION: 

The concordance between stimulation and spectral power changes demonstrate the possible utility of electrocorticographic frequency alteration mapping as an adjunct method to improve the efficiency and resolution of identifying the motor cortex.

VL - 60 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17415162 IS - 4 Suppl 2 ER -