TY - JOUR T1 - Brain-computer interface systems: progress and prospects. JF - Expert review of medical devices Y1 - 2007 A1 - Brendan Z. Allison A1 - Wolpaw, Elizabeth Winter A1 - Jonathan Wolpaw KW - ALS KW - assistive communication KW - BCI KW - BMI KW - brain-acuated control KW - brain-computer interface KW - brain-machine interface KW - EEG KW - ERP KW - locked-in syndrome KW - slow cortical potential KW - SSVEP KW - Stroke AB - Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems support communication through direct measures of neural activity without muscle activity. BCIs may provide the best and sometimes the only communication option for users disabled by the most severe neuromuscular disorders and may eventually become useful to less severely disabled and/or healthy individuals across a wide range of applications. This review discusses the structure and functions of BCI systems, clarifies terminology and addresses practical applications. Progress and opportunities in the field are also identified and explicated. VL - 4 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17605682 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Brain-computer interface technology: a review of the Second International Meeting. JF - IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Y1 - 2003 A1 - Theresa M Vaughan A1 - Heetderks, William J. A1 - Trejo, Leonard J. A1 - Rymer, William Z. A1 - Weinrich, Michael A1 - Moore, Melody M. A1 - Kübler, Andrea A1 - Dobkin, Bruce H. A1 - Niels Birbaumer A1 - Emanuel Donchin A1 - Wolpaw, Elizabeth Winter A1 - Jonathan Wolpaw KW - augmentative communication KW - Brain-computer interface (BCI) KW - electroencephalography (EEG) KW - Rehabilitation AB - This paper summarizes the Brain-Computer Interfaces for Communication and Control, The Second International Meeting, held in Rensselaerville, NY, in June 2002. Sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and organized by the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health, the meeting addressed current work and future plans in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. Ninety-two researchers representing 38 different research groups from the United States, Canada, Europe, and China participated. The BCIs discussed at the meeting use electroencephalographic activity recorded from the scalp or single-neuron activity recorded within cortex to control cursor movement, select letters or icons, or operate neuroprostheses. The central element in each BCI is a translation algorithm that converts electrophysiological input from the user into output that controls external devices. BCI operation depends on effective interaction between two adaptive controllers, the user who encodes his or her commands in the electrophysiological input provided to the BCI, and the BCI that recognizes the commands contained in the input and expresses them in device control. Current BCIs have maximum information transfer rates of up to 25 b/min. Achievement of greater speed and accuracy requires improvements in signal acquisition and processing, in translation algorithms, and in user training. These improvements depend on interdisciplinary cooperation among neuroscientists, engineers, computer programmers, psychologists, and rehabilitation specialists, and on adoption and widespread application of objective criteria for evaluating alternative methods. The practical use of BCI technology will be determined by the development of appropriate applications and identification of appropriate user groups, and will require careful attention to the needs and desires of individual users. VL - 11 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12899247 ER -