TY - JOUR T1 - Neural correlate of the construction of sentence meaning. JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Y1 - 2016 A1 - Fedorenko, Evelina A1 - Scott, Terri L. A1 - Peter Brunner A1 - Coon, William G. A1 - Pritchett, Brianna A1 - Gerwin Schalk A1 - Kanwisher, Nancy AB - The neural processes that underlie your ability to read and understand this sentence are unknown. Sentence comprehension occurs very rapidly, and can only be understood at a mechanistic level by discovering the precise sequence of underlying computational and neural events. However, we have no continuous and online neural measure of sentence processing with high spatial and temporal resolution. Here we report just such a measure: intracranial recordings from the surface of the human brain show that neural activity, indexed by $\gamma$-power, increases monotonically over the course of a sentence as people read it. This steady increase in activity is absent when people read and remember nonword-lists, despite the higher cognitive demand entailed, ruling out accounts in terms of generic attention, working memory, and cognitive load. Response increases are lower for sentence structure without meaning (``Jabberwocky'' sentences) and word meaning without sentence structure (word-lists), showing that this effect is not explained by responses to syntax or word meaning alone. Instead, the full effect is found only for sentences, implicating compositional processes of sentence understanding, a striking and unique feature of human language not shared with animal communication systems. This work opens up new avenues for investigating the sequence of neural events that underlie the construction of linguistic meaning. VL - 113 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27671642 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography. JF - Epilepsy & Behavior Y1 - 2013 A1 - A L Ritaccio A1 - Peter Brunner A1 - Nathan E. Crone A1 - Gunduz, Aysegul A1 - Hirsch, Lawrence J. A1 - Kanwisher, Nancy A1 - Litt, Brian A1 - Kai J. Miller A1 - Morani, Daniel A1 - Parvizi, Josef A1 - Ramsey, Nick F A1 - Richner, Thomas J. A1 - Tandon, Niton A1 - Williams, Justin A1 - Gerwin Schalk KW - Brain Mapping KW - Brain–computer interface KW - Electrocorticography KW - Gamma-frequency electroencephalography KW - High-frequency oscillations KW - Neuroprosthetics KW - Seizure detection KW - Subdural grid AB - The Fourth International Workshop on Advances in Electrocorticography (ECoG) convened in New Orleans, LA, on October 11–12, 2012. The proceedings of the workshop serves as an accurate record of the most contemporary clinical and experimental work on brain surface recording and represents the insights of a unique multidisciplinary ensemble of expert clinicians and scientists. Presentations covered a broad range of topics, including innovations in passive functional mapping, increased understanding of pathologic high-frequency oscillations, evolving sensor technologies, a human trial of ECoG-driven brain–machine interface, as well as fresh insights into brain electrical stimulation. VL - 29 UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24034899 IS - 2 ER -