04323nas a2200877 4500008004100000022001400041245008800055210006900143260001200212300001200224490000800236520184100244653001202085653001802097653001002115653001402125653002202139653000902161653000902170653001102179653001102190653002002201653001102221653003102232653001702263653001002280100002002290700002502310700001902335700002202354700002002376700002302396700002202419700002202441700002302463700002602486700001602512700002202528700002202550700002102572700001702593700002002610700002002630700002202650700002202672700001902694700003002713700002302743700002202766700002502788700001302813700002102826700002702847700002302874700002002897700002302917700002002940700001902960700001902979700002302998700002103021700001703042700002103059700002203080700002303102700002303125700001803148700002203166700002103188700002403209700002303233700002403256700002003280700002503300856012003325 2023 eng d a1476-468700aA somato-cognitive action network alternates with effector regions in motor cortex.0 asomatocognitive action network alternates with effector regions  c05/2023 a351-3590 v6173 a

Motor cortex (M1) has been thought to form a continuous somatotopic homunculus extending down the precentral gyrus from foot to face representations, despite evidence for concentric functional zones and maps of complex actions. Here, using precision functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, we find that the classic homunculus is interrupted by regions with distinct connectivity, structure and function, alternating with effector-specific (foot, hand and mouth) areas. These inter-effector regions exhibit decreased cortical thickness and strong functional connectivity to each other, as well as to the cingulo-opercular network (CON), critical for action and physiological control, arousal, errors and pain. This interdigitation of action control-linked and motor effector regions was verified in the three largest fMRI datasets. Macaque and pediatric (newborn, infant and child) precision fMRI suggested cross-species homologues and developmental precursors of the inter-effector system. A battery of motor and action fMRI tasks documented concentric effector somatotopies, separated by the CON-linked inter-effector regions. The inter-effectors lacked movement specificity and co-activated during action planning (coordination of hands and feet) and axial body movement (such as of the abdomen or eyebrows). These results, together with previous studies demonstrating stimulation-evoked complex actions and connectivity to internal organs such as the adrenal medulla, suggest that M1 is punctuated by a system for whole-body action planning, the somato-cognitive action network (SCAN). In M1, two parallel systems intertwine, forming an integrate-isolate pattern: effector-specific regions (foot, hand and mouth) for isolating fine motor control and the SCAN for integrating goals, physiology and body movement.

10aAnimals10aBrain Mapping10aChild10aCognition10aDatasets as Topic10aFoot10aHand10aHumans10aInfant10aInfant, Newborn10aMacaca10aMagnetic Resonance Imaging10aMotor Cortex10aMouth1 aGordon, Evan, M1 aChauvin, Roselyne, J1 aVan, Andrew, N1 aRajesh, Aishwarya1 aNielsen, Ashley1 aNewbold, Dillan, J1 aLynch, Charles, J1 aSeider, Nicole, A1 aKrimmel, Samuel, R1 aScheidter, Kristen, M1 aMonk, Julia1 aMiller, Ryland, L1 aMetoki, Athanasia1 aMontez, David, F1 aZheng, Annie1 aElbau, Immanuel1 aMadison, Thomas1 aNishino, Tomoyuki1 aMyers, Michael, J1 aKaplan, Sydney1 aD'Andrea, Carolina, Badke1 aDemeter, Damion, V1 aFeigelis, Matthew1 aRamirez, Julian, S B1 aXu, Ting1 aBarch, Deanna, M1 aSmyser, Christopher, D1 aRogers, Cynthia, E1 aZimmermann, Jan1 aBotteron, Kelly, N1 aPruett, John, R1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aBrunner, Peter1 aShimony, Joshua, S1 aKay, Benjamin, P1 aMarek, Scott1 aNorris, Scott, A1 aGratton, Caterina1 aSylvester, Chad, M1 aPower, Jonathan, D1 aListon, Conor1 aGreene, Deanna, J1 aRoland, Jarod, L1 aPetersen, Steven, E1 aRaichle, Marcus, E1 aLaumann, Timothy, O1 aFair, Damien, A1 aDosenbach, Nico, U F uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2023/somato-cognitive-action-network-alternates-effector-regions-motor07936nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245009600055210006900151260001200220300001100232490000800243520694900251653001507200653001007215653002807225653002007253653001007273653002507283653002407308653001107332653001107343653000907354653001607363653001907379653001607398100001607414700001907430700002207449700001707471700001707488700002107505856004807526 2010 eng d a1091-649000aCortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback.0 aCortical activity during motor execution motor imagery and image c03/2010 a4430-50 v1073 a

Imagery of motor movement plays an important role in learning of complex motor skills, from learning to serve in tennis to perfecting a pirouette in ballet. What and where are the neural substrates that underlie motor imagery-based learning? We measured electrocorticographic cortical surface potentials in eight human subjects during overt action and kinesthetic imagery of the same movement, focusing on power in "high frequency" (76-100 Hz) and "low frequency" (8-32 Hz) ranges. We quantitatively establish that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population activity during motor imagery mimics the spatial distribution of activity during actual motor movement. By comparing responses to electrocortical stimulation with imagery-induced cortical surface activity, we demonstrate the role of primary motor areas in movement imagery. The magnitude of imagery-induced cortical activity change was approximately 25% of that associated with actual movement. However, when subjects learned to use this imagery to control a computer cursor in a simple feedback task, the imagery-induced activity change was significantly augmented, even exceeding that of overt movement.

10aAdolescent10aAdult10aBiofeedback, Psychology10aCerebral Cortex10aChild10aElectric Stimulation10aElectrocardiography10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMotor Activity10aYoung Adult1 aMiller, K J1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aFetz, Eberhard, E1 aNijs, Marcel1 aOjemann, J G1 aRao, Rajesh, P N uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2016008402204nas a2200469 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001200225300000900237490000700246520081300253653001001066653002001076653001801096653001001114653002001124653003301144653002701177653001601204653001301220653001101233653003101244653003101275653002001306653001801326653001201344653001701356653001601373653003001389653001301419653003201432653004901464653002401513653003801537100002501575700001701600700002201617700002301639710002401662856004801686 2009 eng d a1525-506900aAdvances in the application of technology to epilepsy: the CIMIT/NIO Epilepsy Innovation Summit.0 aAdvances in the application of technology to epilepsy the CIMITN c09/2009 a3-460 v163 a

In 2008, a group of clinicians, scientists, engineers, and industry representatives met to discuss advances in the application of engineering technologies to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with epilepsy. The presentations also provided a guide for further technological development, specifically in the evaluation of patients for epilepsy surgery, seizure onset detection and seizure prediction, intracranial treatment systems, and extracranial treatment systems. This article summarizes the discussions and demonstrates that cross-disciplinary interactions can catalyze collaborations between physicians and engineers to address and solve many of the pressing unmet needs in epilepsy.

10aAdult10aAnticonvulsants10aBrain Mapping10aChild10aDrug Resistance10aElectric Stimulation Therapy10aElectroencephalography10aEngineering10aEpilepsy10aHumans10aMagnetic Resonance Imaging10aMedical Laboratory Science10aMicroelectrodes10aNanoparticles10aNeurons10aNeurosurgery10aNeurotoxins10aPredictive Value of Tests10aSeizures10aSpectroscopy, Near-Infrared10aTomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon10aTomography, Optical10aTranscranial Magnetic Stimulation1 aSchachter, Steven, C1 aGuttag, John1 aSchiff, Steven, J1 aSchomer, Donald, L1 aSummit Contributors uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1978022504251nas a2200505 4500008004100000022001400041245009900055210006900154260001200223300001200235490000700247520283600254653003103090653001503121653001003136653001003146653001003156653002703166653002903193653001103222653001103233653001303244653000903257653001603266653001703282653003303299653001903332653002803351653001303379653002203392653001303414653004303427653002803470653001303498100001603511700002203527700001803549700002103567700001903588700002103607700002203628700002703650700002003677856004803697 2008 eng d a0361-923000aNon-invasive brain-computer interface system: towards its application as assistive technology.0 aNoninvasive braincomputer interface system towards its applicati c04/2008 a796-8030 v753 a

The quality of life of people suffering from severe motor disabilities can benefit from the use of current assistive technology capable of ameliorating communication, house-environment management and mobility, according to the user's residual motor abilities. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that can translate brain activity into signals that control external devices. Thus they can represent the only technology for severely paralyzed patients to increase or maintain their communication and control options. Here we report on a pilot study in which a system was implemented and validated to allow disabled persons to improve or recover their mobility (directly or by emulation) and communication within the surrounding environment. The system is based on a software controller that offers to the user a communication interface that is matched with the individual's residual motor abilities. Patients (n=14) with severe motor disabilities due to progressive neurodegenerative disorders were trained to use the system prototype under a rehabilitation program carried out in a house-like furnished space. All users utilized regular assistive control options (e.g., microswitches or head trackers). In addition, four subjects learned to operate the system by means of a non-invasive EEG-based BCI. This system was controlled by the subjects' voluntary modulations of EEG sensorimotor rhythms recorded on the scalp; this skill was learnt even though the subjects have not had control over their limbs for a long time. We conclude that such a prototype system, which integrates several different assistive technologies including a BCI system, can potentially facilitate the translation from pre-clinical demonstrations to a clinical useful BCI.

10aActivities of Daily Living10aAdolescent10aAdult10aBrain10aChild10aElectroencephalography10aEvoked Potentials, Motor10aFemale10aHumans10aLearning10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMotor Skills10aMuscular Dystrophy, Duchenne10aPilot Projects10aProstheses and Implants10aRobotics10aSelf-Help Devices10aSoftware10aSpinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood10aUser-Computer Interface10aVolition1 aCincotti, F1 aMattia, Donatella1 aAloise, Fabio1 aBufalari, Simona1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aOriolo, Giuseppe1 aCherubini, Andrea1 aMarciani, Maria Grazia1 aBabiloni, Fabio uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1839452604121nas a2200457 4500008004100000022001400041245010800055210006900163260001200232300001100244490000700255520290000262653001503162653001003177653002103187653001203208653001803220653001003238653002403248653002703272653001103299653000903310653001103319653000903330653001603339653001703355653001303372653001203385653002203397653002803419653001103447653002803458653001303486100002303499700002603522700001903548700001603567700001303583700001903596856004803615 2008 eng d a1524-462800aUnique cortical physiology associated with ipsilateral hand movements and neuroprosthetic implications.0 aUnique cortical physiology associated with ipsilateral hand move c12/2008 a3351-90 v393 a

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 

Brain computer interfaces (BCIs) offer little direct benefit to patients with hemispheric stroke because current platforms rely on signals derived from the contralateral motor cortex (the same region injured by the stroke). For BCIs to assist hemiparetic patients, the implant must use unaffected cortex ipsilateral to the affected limb. This requires the identification of distinct electrophysiological features from the motor cortex associated with ipsilateral hand movements.

METHODS: 

In this study we studied 6 patients undergoing temporary placement of intracranial electrode arrays. Electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals were recorded while the subjects engaged in specific ipsilateral or contralateral hand motor tasks. Spectral changes were identified with regards to frequency, location, and timing.

RESULTS: 

Ipsilateral hand movements were associated with electrophysiological changes that occur in lower frequency spectra, at distinct anatomic locations, and earlier than changes associated with contralateral hand movements. In a subset of 3 patients, features specific to ipsilateral and contralateral hand movements were used to control a cursor on a screen in real time. In ipsilateral derived control this was optimal with lower frequency spectra.

CONCLUSIONS: 

There are distinctive cortical electrophysiological features associated with ipsilateral movements which can be used for device control. These findings have implications for patients with hemispheric stroke because they offer a potential methodology for which a single hemisphere can be used to enhance the function of a stroke induced hemiparesis.

10aAdolescent10aAdult10aArtificial Limbs10aBionics10aBrain Mapping10aChild10aDominance, Cerebral10aElectroencephalography10aFemale10aHand10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMotor Cortex10aMovement10aParesis10aProsthesis Design10aPsychomotor Performance10aStroke10aUser-Computer Interface10aVolition1 aWisneski, Kimberly1 aAnderson, Nicholas, R1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aSmyth, Matt1 aMoran, D1 aLeuthardt, E C uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18927456