03178nas a2200421 4500008004100000022001400041245009800055210006900153260001200222300001100234490000700245520196800252653001002220653000902230653001502239653002402254653003002278653003602308653002702344653002102371653003102392653001102423653001102434653000902445653002402454653001602478653001702494653002202511653002802533100002502561700001602586700001902602700002002621700002202641700002102663700002402684856004802708 2014 eng d a1741-255200aA practical, intuitive brain-computer interface for communicating 'yes' or 'no' by listening.0 apractical intuitive braincomputer interface for communicating ye c06/2014 a0350030 v113 aOBJECTIVE: Previous work has shown that it is possible to build an EEG-based binary brain-computer interface system (BCI) driven purely by shifts of attention to auditory stimuli. However, previous studies used abrupt, abstract stimuli that are often perceived as harsh and unpleasant, and whose lack of inherent meaning may make the interface unintuitive and difficult for beginners. We aimed to establish whether we could transition to a system based on more natural, intuitive stimuli (spoken words 'yes' and 'no') without loss of performance, and whether the system could be used by people in the locked-in state. APPROACH: We performed a counterbalanced, interleaved within-subject comparison between an auditory streaming BCI that used beep stimuli, and one that used word stimuli. Fourteen healthy volunteers performed two sessions each, on separate days. We also collected preliminary data from two subjects with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), who used the word-based system to answer a set of simple yes-no questions. MAIN RESULTS: The N1, N2 and P3 event-related potentials elicited by words varied more between subjects than those elicited by beeps. However, the difference between responses to attended and unattended stimuli was more consistent with words than beeps. Healthy subjects' performance with word stimuli (mean 77% ± 3.3 s.e.) was slightly but not significantly better than their performance with beep stimuli (mean 73% ± 2.8 s.e.). The two subjects with ALS used the word-based BCI to answer questions with a level of accuracy similar to that of the healthy subjects. SIGNIFICANCE: Since performance using word stimuli was at least as good as performance using beeps, we recommend that auditory streaming BCI systems be built with word stimuli to make the system more pleasant and intuitive. Our preliminary data show that word-based streaming BCI is a promising tool for communication by people who are locked in.10aAdult10aAged10aAlgorithms10aAuditory Perception10abrain-computer interfaces10aCommunication Aids for Disabled10aElectroencephalography10aEquipment Design10aEquipment Failure Analysis10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMan-Machine Systems10aMiddle Aged10aQuadriplegia10aTreatment Outcome10aUser-Computer Interface1 aHill, Jeremy, Jeremy1 aRicci, Erin1 aHaider, Sameah1 aMcCane, Lynn, M1 aHeckman, Susan, M1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aVaughan, Theresa, M uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2483827807041nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260001200206300001100218490000600229520615100235653002806386653001006414653001806424653002706442653002106469653003106490653001106521653002406532653001306556653002806569100001906597700001506616700001306631700001606644700001906660856004806679 2011 eng d a1741-255200aCurrent Trends in Hardware and Software for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).0 aCurrent Trends in Hardware and Software for BrainComputer Interf c04/2011 a0250010 v83 a
A brain-computer interface (BCI) provides a non-muscular communication channel to people with and without disabilities. BCI devices consist of hardware and software. BCI hardware records signals from the brain, either invasively or non-invasively, using a series of device components. BCI software then translates these signals into device output commands and provides feedback. One may categorize different types of BCI applications into the following four categories: basic research, clinical/translational research, consumer products, and emerging applications. These four categories use BCI hardware and software, but have different sets of requirements. For example, while basic research needs to explore a wide range of system configurations, and thus requires a wide range of hardware and software capabilities, applications in the other three categories may be designed for relatively narrow purposes and thus may only need a very limited subset of capabilities. This paper summarizes technical aspects for each of these four categories of BCI applications. The results indicate that BCI technology is in transition from isolated demonstrations to systematic research and commercial development. This process requires several multidisciplinary efforts, including the development of better integrated and more robust BCI hardware and software, the definition of standardized interfaces, and the developmentof certification, dissemination and reimbursement procedures.
10aBiofeedback, Psychology10aBrain10aBrain Mapping10aElectroencephalography10aEquipment Design10aEquipment Failure Analysis10aHumans10aMan-Machine Systems10aSoftware10aUser-Computer Interface1 aBrunner, Peter1 aBianchi, L1 aGuger, C1 aCincotti, F1 aSchalk, Gerwin uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2143653601326nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245005600055210005400111260000900165300001300174490000900187520048800196653001500684653001000699653002400709653002100733653003100754653001900785653003100804653003200835653004100867653002800908100001900936856010500955 2009 eng d a1557-170X00aEffective brain-computer interfacing using BCI2000.0 aEffective braincomputer interfacing using BCI2000 c2009 a5498-5010 v20093 aTo facilitate research and development in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research, we have been developing a general-purpose BCI system, called BCI2000, over the past nine years. This system has enjoyed a growing adoption in BCI and related areas and has been the basis for some of the most impressive studies reported to date. This paper gives an update on the status of this project by describing the principles of the BCI2000 system, its benefits, and impact on the field to date.10aAlgorithms10aBrain10aElectrocardiography10aEquipment Design10aEquipment Failure Analysis10aRehabilitation10aReproducibility of Results10aSensitivity and Specificity10aSignal Processing, Computer-Assisted10aUser-Computer Interface1 aSchalk, Gerwin uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2009/effective-brain-computer-interfacing-using-bci200002705nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006400125260001200189300001200201490000700213520166200220653001501882653001001897653001401907653003601921653002501957653002701982653002102009653003102030653002202061653001102083653002402094653002802118100001902146700002602165700002002191700002102211700002102232856011402253 2004 eng d a0018-929400aBCI2000: a general-purpose brain-computer interface (BCI) system.0 aBCI2000 a generalpurpose braincomputer interface BCI system c06/2004 a1034-430 v513 aMany laboratories have begun to develop brain-computer interface (BCI) systems that provide communication and control capabilities to people with severe motor disabilities. Further progress and realization of practical applications depends on systematic evaluations and comparisons of different brain signals, recording methods, processing algorithms, output formats, and operating protocols. However, the typical BCI system is designed specifically for one particular BCI method and is, therefore, not suited to the systematic studies that are essential for continued progress. In response to this problem, we have developed a documented general-purpose BCI research and development platform called BCI2000. BCI2000 can incorporate alone or in combination any brain signals, signal processing methods, output devices, and operating protocols. This report is intended to describe to investigators, biomedical engineers, and computer scientists the concepts that the BC12000 system is based upon and gives examples of successful BCI implementations using this system. To date, we have used BCI2000 to create BCI systems for a variety of brain signals, processing methods, and applications. The data show that these systems function well in online operation and that BCI2000 satisfies the stringent real-time requirements of BCI systems. By substantially reducing labor and cost, BCI2000 facilitates the implementation of different BCI systems and other psychophysiological experiments. It is available with full documentation and free of charge for research or educational purposes and is currently being used in a variety of studies by many research groups.10aAlgorithms10aBrain10aCognition10aCommunication Aids for Disabled10aComputer Peripherals10aElectroencephalography10aEquipment Design10aEquipment Failure Analysis10aEvoked Potentials10aHumans10aSystems Integration10aUser-Computer Interface1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aMcFarland, Dennis, J.1 aHinterberger, T1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aWolpaw, Jonathan uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2004/bci2000-general-purpose-brain-computer-interface-bci-system