02948nas a2200445 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001000225490000900235520165000244653002501894653001201919653002201931653001001953653002001963653002701983653002702010653003802037653001102075653002602086653004002112653000902152653000902161653002302170653002902193653003602222653002502258653002902283653001702312653002202329100001702351700001702368700001102385700001602396700002502412700001702437856004802454 2013 eng d a1872-624000aNovel inter-hemispheric white matter connectivity in the BTBR mouse model of autism.0 aNovel interhemispheric white matter connectivity in the BTBR mou c06/2013 a26-330 v15133 aAlterations in the volume, density, connectivity and functional activation of white matter tracts are reported in some individuals with autism and may contribute to their abnormal behaviors. The BTBR (BTBR T+tf/J) inbred strain of mouse, is used to model facets of autism because they develop low social behaviors, stereotypical and immune changes similar to those found in people with autism. Previously, it was thought a total absence of corpus callosal interhemispheric connective tissues in the BTBR mice may underlie their abnormal behaviors. However, postnatal lesions of the corpus callosum do not precipitate social behavioral problems in other strains of mice suggesting a flaw in this theory. In this study we used digital pathological methods to compare subcortical white matter connective tracts in the BTBR strain of mice with those found in the C57Bl/6 mouse and those reported in a standardized mouse brain atlas. We report, for the first time, a novel connective subcortical interhemispheric bridge of tissue in the posterior, but not anterior, cerebrum of the BTBR mouse. These novel connective tissues are comprised of myelinated fibers, with reduced myelin basic protein levels (MBP) compared to levels in the C57Bl/6 mouse. We used electrophysiological analysis and found increased inter-hemispheric connectivity in the posterior hemispheres of the BTBR strain compared with the anterior hemispheres. The conduction velocity was slower than that reported in normal mice. This study shows there is novel abnormal interhemispheric connectivity in the BTBR strain of mice, which may contribute to their behavioral abnormalities.10aAnalysis of Variance10aAnimals10aAutistic Disorder10aBrain10aCorpus Callosum10aDisease Models, Animal10aElectroencephalography10aEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay10aFemale10aFunctional Laterality10aImage Processing, Computer-Assisted10aMale10aMice10aMice, Inbred C57BL10aMice, Neurologic Mutants10aMicrotubule-Associated Proteins10aMyelin Basic Protein10aNerve Fibers, Myelinated10aNeuroimaging10aSpectrum Analysis1 aMiller, V, M1 aGupta, Disha1 aNeu, N1 aCotroneo, A1 aBoulay, Chadwick, B.1 aSeegal, R, F uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2357070702268nas a2200409 4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001200235300001100247490000600258520108700264653001501351653001001366653001001376653001801386653002001404653003601424653003701460653003201497653002601529653002701555653001301582653001101595653002601606653001101632653000901643653001601652653001301668653002201681653002801703100001801731700002301749700001901772700001901791856004801810 2011 eng d a1741-255200aDecoding vowels and consonants in spoken and imagined words using electrocorticographic signals in humans.0 aDecoding vowels and consonants in spoken and imagined words usin c08/2011 a0460280 v83 a

Several stories in the popular media have speculated that it may be possible to infer from the brain which word a person is speaking or even thinking. While recent studies have demonstrated that brain signals can give detailed information about actual and imagined actions, such as different types of limb movements or spoken words, concrete experimental evidence for the possibility to 'read the mind', i.e. to interpret internally-generated speech, has been scarce. In this study, we found that it is possible to use signals recorded from the surface of the brain (electrocorticography) to discriminate the vowels and consonants embedded in spoken and in imagined words, and we defined the cortical areas that held the most information about discrimination of vowels and consonants. The results shed light on the distinct mechanisms associated with production of vowels and consonants, and could provide the basis for brain-based communication using imagined speech.

10aAdolescent10aAdult10aBrain10aBrain Mapping10aCerebral Cortex10aCommunication Aids for Disabled10aData Interpretation, Statistical10aDiscrimination (Psychology)10aElectrodes, Implanted10aElectroencephalography10aEpilepsy10aFemale10aFunctional Laterality10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMovement10aSpeech Perception10aUser-Computer Interface1 aPei, Xiao-Mei1 aBarbour, Dennis, L1 aLeuthardt, E C1 aSchalk, Gerwin uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2175036903784nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210006100117260001200178300001100190490000700201520283200208653001503040653001003055653002403065653002903089653001103118653002603129653001103155653000903166653002903175653002103204653003103225653003403256653002203290653001603312100002103328700002603349700002303375856004803398 2011 eng d a1050-054500aDichotic and dichoptic digit perception in normal adults.0 aDichotic and dichoptic digit perception in normal adults c06/2011 a332-410 v223 aBACKGROUND: Verbally based dichotic-listening experiments and reproduction-mediated response-selection strategies have been used for over four decades to study perceptual/cognitive aspects of auditory information processing and make inferences about hemispheric asymmetries and language lateralization in the brain. Test procedures using dichotic digits have also been used to assess for disorders of auditory processing. However, with this application, limitations exist and paradigms need to be developed to improve specificity of the diagnosis. Use of matched tasks in multiple sensory modalities is a logical approach to address this issue. Herein, we use dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing of visually presented digits for making this comparison. PURPOSE: To evaluate methodological issues involved in using matched tasks of dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing in normal adults. RESEARCH DESIGN: A multivariate assessment of the effects of modality (auditory vs. visual), digit-span length (1-3 pairs), response selection (recognition vs. reproduction), and ear/visual hemifield of presentation (left vs. right) on dichotic and dichoptic digit perception. STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty adults (12 males, 18 females) ranging in age from 18 to 30 yr with normal hearing sensitivity and normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A computerized, custom-designed program was used for all data collection and analysis. A four-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) evaluated the effects of modality, digit-span length, response selection, and ear/visual field of presentation. RESULTS: The ANOVA revealed that performances on dichotic listening and dichoptic viewing tasks were dependent on complex interactions between modality, digit-span length, response selection, and ear/visual hemifield of presentation. Correlation analysis suggested a common effect on overall accuracy of performance but isolated only an auditory factor for a laterality index. CONCLUSIONS: The variables used in this experiment affected performances in the auditory modality to a greater extent than in the visual modality. The right-ear advantage observed in the dichotic-digits task was most evident when reproduction mediated response selection was used in conjunction with three-digit pairs. This effect implies that factors such as "speech related output mechanisms" and digit-span length (working memory) contribute to laterality effects in dichotic listening performance with traditional paradigms. Thus, the use of multiple-digit pairs to avoid ceiling effects and the application of verbal reproduction as a means of response selection may accentuate the role of nonperceptual factors in performance. Ideally, tests of perceptual abilities should be relatively free of such effects.10aAdolescent10aAdult10aAuditory Perception10aDichotic Listening Tests10aFemale10aFunctional Laterality10aHumans10aMale10aRecognition (Psychology)10aReference Values10aReproducibility of Results10aTask Performance and Analysis10aVisual Perception10aYoung Adult1 aLawfield, Angela1 aMcFarland, Dennis, J.1 aCacace, Anthony, T uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2186447102711nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245017800055210006900233260001200302300001000314490000700324520179900331653001502130653001002145653002302155653002602178653001102204653001802215653002502233653002302258100001802281700002002299700001802319700001802337700001802355856004802373 2005 eng d a0167-876000aDiscussion on "Towards a quantitative characterization of functional states of the brain: from the non-linear methodology to the global linear description" by J. Wackermann.0 aDiscussion on Towards a quantitative characterization of functio c06/2005 a201-70 v563 a

Wackermann (1999) [Wackermann, J., 1999. Towards a quantitative characterization of functional states of the brain: from the non-linear methodology to the global linear description. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 34, 65-80] proposed Sigma-phi-Omega system for describing the global brain macro-state, in which Omega complexity was used to quantify the degree of synchrony between spatially distributed EEG processes. In this paper the effect of signal power on Omega complexity is discussed, which was not considered in Wackermann's paper (1999). Then an improved method for eliminating the effect of signal power on Omega complexity is proposed. Finally a case study on the degree of synchrony between two-channel EEG signals over different brain regions during hand motor imagery is given. The results show that the improved Omega complexity measure would characterize the true degree of synchrony among the EEG signals by eliminating the influence of signal power.

10aAlgorithms10aBrain10aDiagnostic Imaging10aFunctional Laterality10aHumans10aLinear Models10aModels, Neurological10aNonlinear Dynamics1 aPei, Xiao-Mei1 aZheng, Shi Dong1 aZhang, Ai-hua1 aDuan, Fu-jian1 aBin, Guang-yu uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15866324