01952nas a2200337   4500008004100000022001400041245006800055210006600123300001800189490000700207520101700214653002001231653001401251653000901265653002501274653000901299653001001308653001901318653000901337653001101346653001001357100002901367700002101396700002001417700001901437700002201456700002401478700001901502700002101521856007201542       2022                        eng d  a0960-982200aA neural population selective for song in human auditory cortex0 aneural population selective for song in human auditory cortex  a1470-1484.e120 v323 aSummary How is music represented in the brain? While neuroimaging has revealed some spatial segregation between responses to music versus other sounds, little is known about the neural code for music itself. To address this question, we developed a method to infer canonical response components of human auditory cortex using intracranial responses to natural sounds, and further used the superior coverage of fMRI to map their spatial distribution. The inferred components replicated many prior findings, including distinct neural selectivity for speech and music, but also revealed a novel component that responded nearly exclusively to music with singing. Song selectivity was not explainable by standard acoustic features, was located near speech- and music-selective responses, and was also evident in individual electrodes. These results suggest that representations of music are fractionated into subpopulations selective for different types of music, one of which is specialized for the analysis of song.10aAuditory Cortex10acomponent10aECoG10aElectrocorticography10afMRI10amusic10anatural sounds10asong10aSpeech10avoice1 aNorman-Haignere, Sam, V.1 aFeather, Jenelle1 aBoebinger, Dana1 aBrunner, Peter1 aRitaccio, Anthony1 aMcDermott, Josh, H.1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aKanwisher, Nancy  uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096098222200131202272nas a2200337   4500008004100000022001400041245011100055210006900166260001200235300001100247490000800258520124200266653002501508653001001533653000901543653001701552653002001569653001801589653002601607653002501633653001101658653001101669653000901680653001601689100002301705700003201728700001901760700001901779700001901798856011701817       2021                        eng d  a1095-957200aModulation in cortical excitability disrupts information transfer in perceptual-level stimulus processing.0 aModulation in cortical excitability disrupts information transfe  c11/2021  a1184980 v2433 a<p>Despite significant interest in the neural underpinnings of behavioral variability, little light has been shed on the cortical mechanism underlying the failure to respond to perceptual-level stimuli. We hypothesized that cortical activity resulting from perceptual-level stimuli is sensitive to the moment-to-moment fluctuations in cortical excitability, and thus may not suffice to produce a behavioral response. We tested this hypothesis using electrocorticographic recordings to follow the propagation of cortical activity in six human subjects that responded to perceptual-level auditory stimuli. Here we show that for presentations that did not result in a behavioral response, the likelihood of cortical activity decreased from auditory cortex to motor cortex, and was related to reduced local cortical excitability. Cortical excitability was quantified using instantaneous voltage during a short window prior to cortical activity onset. Therefore, when humans are presented with an auditory stimulus close to perceptual-level threshold, moment-by-moment fluctuations in cortical excitability determine whether cortical responses to sensory stimulation successfully connect auditory input to a resultant behavioral response.</p>10aAcoustic Stimulation10aAdult10aAged10aAlpha Rhythm10aAuditory Cortex10aBrain Mapping10aCortical Excitability10aElectrocorticography10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aMiddle Aged1 aMoheimanian, Ladan1 aParaskevopoulou, Sivylla, E1 aAdamek, Markus1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aBrunner, Peter  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2021/modulation-cortical-excitability-disrupts-information-transfer