02594nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245010900055210006900164260001600233300000900249490000700258520156700265653001001832653002301842653002701865653002401892653001301916653001101929653001801940100002101958700001801979700001601997700001902013700002502032700002102057700002302078700001902101700002502120856012302145       2024                        eng d  a2041-172300aMultisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges.0 aMultisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and red  c2024 Apr 11  a31560 v153 a<p>Modulating brain oscillations has strong therapeutic potential. Interventions that both non-invasively modulate deep brain structures and are practical for chronic daily home use are desirable for a variety of therapeutic applications. Repetitive audio-visual stimulation, or sensory flicker, is an accessible approach that modulates hippocampus in mice, but its effects in humans are poorly defined. We therefore quantified the neurophysiological effects of flicker with high spatiotemporal resolution in patients with focal epilepsy who underwent intracranial seizure monitoring. In this interventional trial (NCT04188834) with a cross-over design, subjects underwent different frequencies of flicker stimulation in the same recording session with the effect of sensory flicker exposure on local field potential (LFP) power and interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Flicker focally modulated local field potentials in expected canonical sensory cortices but also in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, likely via resonance of stimulated long-range circuits. Moreover, flicker decreased interictal epileptiform discharges, a pathological biomarker of epilepsy and degenerative diseases, most strongly in regions where potentials were flicker-modulated, especially the visual cortex and medial temporal lobe. This trial met the scientific goal and is now closed. Our findings reveal how multi-sensory stimulation may modulate cortical structures to mitigate pathological activity in humans.</p>10aBrain10aCross-Over Studies10aElectroencephalography10aEpilepsies, Partial10aEpilepsy10aHumans10aTemporal Lobe1 aBlanpain, Lou, T1 aCole, Eric, R1 aChen, Emily1 aPark, James, K1 aWalelign, Michael, Y1 aGross, Robert, E1 aCabaniss, Brian, T1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aSinger, Annabelle, C  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2024/multisensory-flicker-modulates-widespread-brain-networks-and-reduces02036nas a2200193   4500008004100000245011900041210006900160260001200229520131200241100002101553700001601574700001601590700002501606700002101631700002301652700001901675700002501694856012301719       2023                        eng d00aMultisensory Flicker Modulates Widespread Brain Networks and Reduces Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Humans.0 aMultisensory Flicker Modulates Widespread Brain Networks and Red  c03/20233 a<p>Modulating brain oscillations has strong therapeutic potential. However, commonly used non-invasive interventions such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation have limited effects on deeper cortical structures like the medial temporal lobe. Repetitive audio- visual stimulation, or sensory flicker, modulates such structures in mice but little is known about its effects in humans. Using high spatiotemporal resolution, we mapped and quantified the neurophysiological effects of sensory flicker in human subjects undergoing presurgical intracranial seizure monitoring. We found that flicker modulates both local field potential and single neurons in higher cognitive regions, including the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex, and that local field potential modulation is likely mediated via resonance of involved circuits. We then assessed how flicker affects pathological neural activity, specifically interictal epileptiform discharges, a biomarker of epilepsy also implicated in Alzheimerâ€™s and other diseases. In our patient population with focal seizure onsets, sensory flicker decreased the rate interictal epileptiform discharges. Our findings support the use of sensory flicker to modulate deeper cortical structures and mitigate pathological activity in humans.</p>1 aBlanpain, Lou, T1 aChen, Emily1 aPark, James1 aWalelign, Michael, Y1 aGross, Robert, E1 aCabaniss, Brian, T1 aWillie, Jon, T1 aSinger, Annabelle, C  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2023/multisensory-flicker-modulates-widespread-brain-networks-and-reduces