02579nas a2200289   4500008004100000022001400041245014200055210006900197260001200266300001400278490000800292520157400300653003401874653003001908653002701938653001101965653002201976653001101998100002802009700001602037700002502053700002102078700002102099700002402120700002402144856012102168       2023                        eng d  a1432-145900aTowards clinical application of implantable brain-computer interfaces for people with late-stage ALS: medical and ethical considerations.0 aTowards clinical application of implantable braincomputer interf  c03/2023  a1323-13360 v2703 a<p>Individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) frequently develop speech and communication problems in the course of their disease. Currently available augmentative and alternative communication technologies do not present a solution for many people with advanced ALS, because these devices depend on residual and reliable motor activity. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) use neural signals for computer control and may allow people with late-stage ALS to communicate even when conventional technology falls short. Recent years have witnessed fast progression in the development and validation of implanted BCIs, which place neural signal recording electrodes in or on the cortex. Eventual widespread clinical application of implanted BCIs as an assistive communication technology for people with ALS will have significant consequences for their daily life, as well as for the clinical management of the disease, among others because of the potential interaction between the BCI and other procedures people with ALS undergo, such as tracheostomy. This article aims to facilitate responsible real-world implementation of implanted BCIs. We review the state of the art of research on implanted BCIs for communication, as well as the medical and ethical implications of the clinical application of this technology. We conclude that the contribution of all BCI stakeholders, including clinicians of the various ALS-related disciplines, will be needed to develop procedures for, and shape the process of, the responsible clinical application of implanted BCIs.</p>10aAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis10abrain-computer interfaces10aElectroencephalography10aHumans10aSelf-Help Devices10aSpeech1 aVansteensel, Mariska, J1 aKlein, Eran1 avan Thiel, Ghislaine1 aGaytant, Michael1 aSimmons, Zachary1 aWolpaw, Jonathan, R1 aVaughan, Theresa, M  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2023/towards-clinical-application-implantable-brain-computer-interfaces02568nas a2200409   4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260000900210300001200219490000700231520134100238100001801579700001601597700002901613700001701642700002801659700001701687700002101704700002001725700002001745700001801765700002101783700002301804700002201827700002401849700001701873700001901890700001601909700002101925700001801946700002101964700002401985700002102009700001802030856011002048       2021                        eng d  a1874-549000aRecommendations for Responsible Development and Application of Neurotechnologies.0 aRecommendations for Responsible Development and Application of N  c2021  a365-3860 v143 a<p>Advancements in novel neurotechnologies, such as brain computer interfaces (BCI) and neuromodulatory devices such as deep brain stimulators (DBS), will have profound implications for society and human rights. While these technologies are improving the diagnosis and treatment of mental and neurological diseases, they can also alter individual agency and estrange those using neurotechnologies from their sense of self, challenging basic notions of what it means to be human. As an international coalition of interdisciplinary scholars and practitioners, we examine these challenges and make recommendations to mitigate negative consequences that could arise from the unregulated development or application of novel neurotechnologies. We explore potential ethical challenges in four key areas: identity and agency, privacy, bias, and enhancement. To address them, we propose (1) democratic and inclusive summits to establish globally-coordinated ethical and societal guidelines for neurotechnology development and application, (2) new measures, including "Neurorights," for data privacy, security, and consent to empower neurotechnology users' control over their data, (3) new methods of identifying and preventing bias, and (4) the adoption of public guidelines for safe and equitable distribution of neurotechnological devices.</p>1 aGoering, Sara1 aKlein, Eran1 aSullivan, Laura, Specker1 aWexler, Anna1 aAgüera Y Arcas, Blaise1 aBi, Guoqiang1 aCarmena, Jose, M1 aFins, Joseph, J1 aFriesen, Phoebe1 aGallant, Jack1 aHuggins, Jane, E1 aKellmeyer, Philipp1 aMarblestone, Adam1 aMitchell, Christine1 aParens, Erik1 aPham, Michelle1 aRubel, Alan1 aSadato, Norihiro1 aTeicher, Mina1 aWasserman, David1 aWhittaker, Meredith1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aYuste, Rafael  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2021/recommendations-responsible-development-and-application