01990nas a2200361   4500008004100000020002200041245002800063210002700091260003500118520105300153100002101206700001601227700001501243700002401258700001901282700001301301700001501314700001501329700001401344700001701358700001401375700001401389700001901403700001601422700001501438700002201453700002501475700001301500700001201513700002201525700001501547856006601562       2013                        eng d  a978-3-642-29745-800aBCI Software Platforms.0 aBCI Software Platforms  bBiological and Medical Physics3 aIn this chapter, we provide an overview of publicly available software platforms for brain–computer interfaces. We have identified seven major BCI platforms and one platform specifically targeted towards feedback and stimulus presentation. We describe the intended target user group (which includes researchers, programmers, and end users), the most important features of each platform such as availability on different operating systems, licences, programming languages involved, supported devices, and so on. These seven platforms are: (1) BCI2000, (2) OpenViBE, (3) TOBI Common Implementation Platform (CIP), (4) BCILAB, (5) BCI++, (6) xBCI, and (7) BF++. The feedback framework is called Pyff. Our conclusion discusses possible synergies and future developments, such as combining different components of different platforms. With this overview, we hope to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each available platform, which should help anyone in the BCI research field in their decision which platform to use for their specific purposes.1 aBrunner, Clemens1 aAndreoni, G1 aBianchi, L1 aBlankertz, Benjamin1 aBreitwieser, C1 aKanoh, S1 aKothe, C A1 aLecuyer, A1 aMakeig, S1 aMellinger, J1 aPerego, P1 aRenard, Y1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aSusila, I P1 aVenthur, B1 aMueller-Putz, G R1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.1 aDunne, S1 aLeeb, R1 aDel R. Millán, J1 aNijholt, A  uhttp://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-29746-5_1601307nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001900041245003500060210003400095260003100129300001200160520078800172100002300960700001900983700002301002700002401025700002501049856005101074       2010                        eng d  a978-364202090200aUsing BCI2000 in BCI Research.0 aUsing BCI2000 in BCI Research  bSpringer Berlin Heidelberg  a259-2803 a<p><span style="color: #333333; font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 20px;">BCI2000 is a general-purpose system for brain–computer interface (BCI) research. It can also be used for data acquisition, stimulus presentation, and brain monitoring applications [18,27]. The mission of the BCI2000 project is to facilitate research and applications in these areas. BCI2000 has been in development since 2000 in a collaboration between the Wadsworth Center of the New York State Department of Health in Albany, New York, and the Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology at the University of Tübingen, Germany. Many other individuals at different institutions world-wide have contributed to this project.</span></p>1 aMellinger, Jürgen1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aGraimann, Bernhard1 aPfurtscheller, Gert1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02091-9_1504357nas a2200385   4500008004100000022001400041245009700055210006900152260001200221300001200233490000800245520323100253653001503484653001003499653001403509653001003523653001803533653004203551653002703593653003003620653001103650653001103661653000903672653003203681653002303713653002203736653002803758100002503786700002603811700001903837700002003856700002603876700002103902856004803923       2008                        eng d  a1388-245700aTowards an independent brain-computer interface using steady state visual evoked potentials.0 aTowards an independent braincomputer interface using steady stat  c02/2008  a399-4080 v1193 a<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">OBJECTIVE:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems using steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have allowed healthy subjects to communicate. However, these systems may not work in severely disabled users because they may depend on gaze shifting. This study evaluates the hypothesis that overlapping stimuli can evoke changes in SSVEP activity sufficient to control a BCI. This would provide evidence that SSVEP BCIs could be used without shifting gaze.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">METHODS:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Subjects viewed a display containing two images that each oscillated at a different frequency. Different conditions used overlapping or non-overlapping images to explore dependence on gaze function. Subjects were asked to direct attention to one or the other of these images during each of 12 one-minute runs.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">RESULTS:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">Half of the subjects produced differences in SSVEP activity elicited by overlapping stimuli that could support BCI control. In all remaining users, differences did exist at corresponding frequencies but were not strong enough to allow effective control.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">CONCLUSIONS:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">The&nbsp;<span class="highlight">data</span>&nbsp;demonstrate that SSVEP differences sufficient for BCI control may be elicited by selective attention to one of two overlapping stimuli. Thus, some SSVEP-based BCI approaches may not depend on gaze control. The nature and extent of any BCI's dependence on muscle activity is a function of many factors, including the display, task, environment, and user.</p>
<h4 style="font-size: 13px; margin: 0px 0.25em 0px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; float: left; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">SIGNIFICANCE:&nbsp;</h4>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 17px;">SSVEP BCIs might function in severely disabled users unable to reliably control gaze. Further research with these users is necessary to explore the optimal parameters of such a system and validate online performance in a home environment.</p>10aAdolescent10aAdult10aAttention10aBrain10aBrain Mapping10aDose-Response Relationship, Radiation10aElectroencephalography10aEvoked Potentials, Visual10aFemale10aHumans10aMale10aPattern Recognition, Visual10aPhotic Stimulation10aSpectrum Analysis10aUser-Computer Interface1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.1 aMcFarland, Dennis, J.1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aZheng, Shi Dong1 aMoore-Jackson, Melody1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1807720801471nas a2200325   4500008004100000022001400041245006200055210005900117260001200176300001400188490000600202520059000208653000800798653002800806653000800834653000800842653002600850653002900876653002800905653000800933653000800941653002300949653002800972653001001000653001101010100002501021700003001046700002101076856004801097       2007                        eng d  a1743-444000aBrain-computer interface systems: progress and prospects.0 aBraincomputer interface systems progress and prospects  c07/2007  a463–4740 v43 aBrain-computer interface (BCI) systems support communication through direct measures of neural activity without muscle activity. BCIs may provide the best and sometimes the only communication option for users disabled by the most severe neuromuscular disorders and may eventually become useful to less severely disabled and/or healthy individuals across a wide range of applications. This review discusses the structure and functions of BCI systems, clarifies terminology and addresses practical applications. Progress and opportunities in the field are also identified and explicated.10aALS10aassistive communication10aBCI10aBMI10abrain-acuated control10abrain-computer interface10abrain-machine interface10aEEG10aERP10alocked-in syndrome10aslow cortical potential10aSSVEP10aStroke1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.1 aWolpaw, Elizabeth, Winter1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1760568201530nas a2200277   4500008004100000022001400041245006600055210006500121260001200186300001400198490000700212520068900219653003500908653003300943653001900976100002100995700002101016700002501037700002101062700003001083700002701113700001901140700002301159700002201182856004801204       2006                        eng d  a1534-432000aBCI Meeting 2005–workshop on signals and recording methods.0 aBCI Meeting 2005–workshop on signals and recording methods  c06/2006  a138–1410 v143 aThis paper describes the highlights of presentations and discussions during the Third International BCI Meeting in a workshop that evaluated potential brain-computer interface (BCI) signals and currently available recording methods. It defined the main potential user populations and their needs, addressed the relative advantages and disadvantages of noninvasive and implanted (i.e., invasive) methodologies, considered ethical issues, and focused on the challenges involved in translating BCI systems from the laboratory to widespread clinical use. The workshop stressed the critical importance of developing useful applications that establish the practical value of BCI technology.10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)10aelectrophysiological signals10aRehabilitation1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aLoeb, Gerald, E.1 aAllison, Brendan, Z.1 aDonchin, Emanuel1 aNascimento, Omar, Feix do1 aHeetderks, William, J.1 aNijboer, Femke1 aShain, William, G.1 aTurner, James, N.  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16792279