01282nas a2200181   4500008004100000022001400041245005500055210004900110260001200159300001200171520073200183653003500915100002000950700002200970700001900992700001801011856007101029       2015                        eng d  a0018-921900aThe Plurality of Human Brain-Computer Interfacing.0 aPlurality of Human BrainComputer Interfacing  c06/2015  a868-8703 aThe articles in this special issue focus on brain-computer interfacing. The papers are dedicated to this growing and diversifying research enterprise, and features important review articles as well as some important current examples of research in this area. The field of brain-computer interface (BCI) research began to develop about 25 years ago and transformed from initially isolated demonstrations by a few groups into a large scientific enterprise that is currently producing hundreds of peer-reviewed articles and several dedicated conferences and workshops each year. This level of productivity is reflective of the large and continually growing enthusiasm by the scientific community, funding agencies, and the public.10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)1 aMueller-Putz, G1 aMillán, José, R1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aMueller, K.R.  uhttp://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=711530201769nas a2200373   4500008004100000245003800041210003700079260001200116300000900128490000600137520083700143653000800980653002900988653001601017100001801033700001601051700001501067700002101082700002101103700002101124700001201145700001501157700001601172700002001188700001301208700002101221700001501242700001901257700001601276700001601292700001501308700002401323856004801347       2012                        eng d00aReview of the BCI Competition IV.0 aReview of the BCI Competition IV  c07/2012  a1-310 v63 aThe BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students. The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) session-to-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs.10aBCI10abrain-computer interface10acompetition1 aTangermann, M1 aMuller, K R1 aAertsen, A1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aBraun, Christoph1 aBrunner, Clemens1 aLeeb, R1 aMehring, C1 aMiller, K J1 aMueller-Putz, G1 aNolte, G1 aPfurtscheller, G1 aPreissl, H1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aSchlögl, A1 aVidaurre, C1 aWaldert, S1 aBlankertz, Benjamin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22811657