01823nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260001200216300001200228490000700240520106200247653002101309653003201330653002901362100002001391700001901411700001601430700001901446700001801465700001901483700001901502856004801521 2012 eng d a1095-957200aDecoding covert spatial attention using electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in humans.0 aDecoding covert spatial attention using electrocorticographic EC c05/2012 a2285-930 v603 a

This study shows that electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals recorded from the surface of the brain provide detailed information about shifting of visual attention and its directional orientation in humans. ECoG allows for the identification of the cortical areas and time periods that hold the most information about covert attentional shifts. Our results suggest a transient distributed fronto-parietal mechanism for orienting of attention that is represented by different physiological processes. This neural mechanism encodes not only whether or not a subject shifts their attention to a location, but also the locus of attention. This work contributes to our understanding of the electrophysiological representation of attention in humans. It may also eventually lead to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that optimize user interaction with their surroundings or that allow people to communicate choices simply by shifting attention to them.

10acovert attention10aelectrocorticography (ECoG)10avisual spatial attention1 aGunduz, Aysegul1 aBrunner, Peter1 aDaitch, Amy1 aLeuthardt, E C1 aRitaccio, A L1 aPesaran, Bijan1 aSchalk, Gerwin uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2236633302258nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245006700055210006500122260001200187300001100199490000600210520166100216653003501877653003401912653003201946100001901978700001901997856004802016 2011 eng d a1941-118900aBrain-computer interfaces using electrocorticographic signals.0 aBraincomputer interfaces using electrocorticographic signals c10/2011 a140-540 v43 a

Many studies over the past two decades have shown that people and animals can use brain signals to convey their intent to a computer using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCI systems measure specific features of brain activity and translate them into control signals that drive an output. The sensor modalities that have most commonly been used in BCI studies have been electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from the scalp and single-neuron recordings from within the cortex. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies has explored the use of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity recorded directly from the surface of the brain. ECoG has attracted substantial and increasing interest, because it has been shown to reflect specific details of actual and imagined actions, and because its technical characteristics should readily support robust and chronic implementations of BCI systems in humans. This review provides general perspectives on the ECoG platform; describes the different electrophysiological features that can be detected in ECoG; elaborates on the signal acquisition issues, protocols, and online performance of ECoG-based BCI studies to date; presents important limitations of current ECoG studies; discusses opportunities for further research; and finally presents a vision for eventual clinical implementation. In summary, the studies presented to date strongly encourage further research using the ECoG platform for basic neuroscientific research, as well as for translational neuroprosthetic applications.

10aBrain-computer interface (BCI)10abrain-machine interface (BMI)10aelectrocorticography (ECoG)1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aLeuthardt, E C uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22273796