02392nas a2200361 4500008004100000022001400041245008900055210006900144260001200213300001600225490000800241520135100249653003401600653002901634653002501663653002901688653000901717653001901726100001601745700002001761700001701781700001901798700001301817700001901830700001401849700001501863700002301878700002401901700002101925700002101946700001501967856004801982 2008 eng d a1388-245700aA P300-based brain-computer interface for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.0 aP300based braincomputer interface for people with amyotrophic la c08/2008 a1909–19160 v1193 aOBJECTIVE: The current study evaluates the efficacy of a P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) communication device for individuals with advanced ALS. METHODS: Participants attended to one cell of a N x N matrix while the N rows and N columns flashed randomly. Each cell of the matrix contained one character. Every flash of an attended character served as a rare event in an oddball sequence and elicited a P300 response. Classification coefficients derived using a stepwise linear discriminant function were applied to the data after each set of flashes. The character receiving the highest discriminant score was presented as feedback. RESULTS: In Phase I, six participants used a 6 x 6 matrix on 12 separate days with a mean rate of 1.2 selections/min and mean online and offline accuracies of 62% and 82%, respectively. In Phase II, four participants used either a 6 x 6 or a 7 x 7 matrix to produce novel and spontaneous statements with a mean online rate of 2.1 selections/min and online accuracy of 79%. The amplitude and latency of the P300 remained stable over 40 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Participants could communicate with the P300-based BCI and performance was stable over many months. SIGNIFICANCE: BCIs could provide an alternative communication and control technology in the daily lives of people severely disabled by ALS.10aAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis10abrain-computer interface10aelectroencephalogram10aevent-related potentials10aP30010aRehabilitation1 aNijboer, F.1 aSellers, E., W.1 aMellinger, J1 aJordan, M., A.1 aMatuz, T1 aFurdea, Adrian1 aHalder, S1 aMochty, U.1 aKrusienski, D., J.1 aVaughan, Theresa, M1 aWolpaw, Jonathan1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aKübler, A uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1857198402332nas a2200457 4500008004100000022001400041245009000055210006900145260001200214300001100226490000700237520103300244653000901277653003401286653002701320653002901347653003701376653001101413653001101424653001601435653000901451653001601460653001701476653001301493653001401506653002301520653002801543653002501571653002201596653002801618100001501646700001501661700002301676700002401699700001601723700001901739700002601758700002101784700002101805856004801826 2005 eng d a1526-632X00aPatients with ALS can use sensorimotor rhythms to operate a brain-computer interface.0 aPatients with ALS can use sensorimotor rhythms to operate a brai c05/2005 a1775-70 v643 a

People with severe motor disabilities can maintain an acceptable quality of life if they can communicate. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), which do not depend on muscle control, can provide communication. Four people severely disabled by ALS learned to operate a BCI with EEG rhythms recorded over sensorimotor cortex. These results suggest that a sensorimotor rhythm-based BCI could help maintain quality of life for people with ALS.

10aAged10aAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis10aElectroencephalography10aEvoked Potentials, Motor10aEvoked Potentials, Somatosensory10aFemale10aHumans10aImagination10aMale10aMiddle Aged10aMotor Cortex10aMovement10aParalysis10aPhotic Stimulation10aProstheses and Implants10aSomatosensory Cortex10aTreatment Outcome10aUser-Computer Interface1 aKübler, A1 aNijboer, F1 aMellinger, Jürgen1 aVaughan, Theresa, M1 aPawelzik, H1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aMcFarland, Dennis, J.1 aBirbaumer, Niels1 aWolpaw, Jonathan uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911809