01929nas a2200265   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260000800213300001100221490000600232520106300238653000801301653003001309653000901339653002501348653002501373100002001398700001901418700001801437700002401455700002601479700001901505700001901524856012001543       2016                        eng d00aDifferential roles of high gamma and local motor potentials for movement preparation and execution0 aDifferential roles of high gamma and local motor potentials for   cMay  a88-1020 v33 aDetermining a person’s intent, such as the planned direction of their movement, directly from their cortical activity could support important applications such as brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Continuing development of improved BCI systems requires a better understanding of how the brain prepares for and executes movements. To contribute to this understanding, we recorded surface cortical potentials (electrocorticographic signals; ECoG) in 11 human subjects performing a delayed center-out task to establish the differential role of high gamma activity (HGA) and the local motor potential (LMP) as a function of time and anatomical area during movement preparation and execution. High gamma modulations mostly confirm previous findings of sensorimotor cortex involvement, whereas modulations in LMPs are observed in prefrontal cortices. These modulations include directional information during movement planning as well as execution. Our results suggest that sampling signals from these widely distributed cortical areas improves decoding accuracy.10aBCI10abrain-computer interfaces10aECoG10aElectrocorticography10asensorimotor systems1 aGunduz, Aysegul1 aBrunner, Peter1 aSharma, Mohit1 aLeuthardt, Eric, C.1 aRitaccio, Anthony, L.1 aPesaran, Bijan1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttps://www.neurotechcenter.org/publications/2016/differential-roles-high-gamma-and-local-motor-potentials-movement01958nas a2200253   4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001200210490000600222520117500228653002901403653000901432653003401441653003001475653002401505653002901529100001201558700002001570700001901590700001801609700001001627700001901637856004801656       2012                        eng d00aDecoding Onset and Direction of Movements using Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals in Humans.0 aDecoding Onset and Direction of Movements using Electrocorticogr  c08/20120 v53 aCommunication of intent usually requires motor function. This requirement can be limiting when a person is engaged in a task, or prohibitive for some people suffering from neuromuscular disorders. Determining a person's intent, e.g., where and when to move, from brain signals rather than from muscles would have important applications in clinical or other domains. For example, detection of the onset and direction of intended movements may provide the basis for restoration of simple grasping function in people with chronic stroke, or could be used to optimize a user's interaction with the surrounding environment. Detecting the onset and direction of actual movements are a first step in this direction. In this study, we demonstrate that we can detect the onset of intended movements and their direction using electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals recorded from the surface of the cortex in humans. We also demonstrate in a simulation that the information encoded in ECoG about these movements may improve performance in a targeting task. In summary, the results in this paper suggest that detection of intended movement is possible, and may serve useful functions.10abrain computer interface10aECoG10amovement direction prediction10amovement onset prediction10aneurorehabilitation10aperformance augmentation1 aWang, Z1 aGunduz, Aysegul1 aBrunner, Peter1 aRitaccio, A L1 aJi, Q1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22891058