02860nas a2200361   4500008004100000022001400041245011700055210006900172300001900241490000700260520181600267653000902083653002502092653000802117653002802125653002002153653000702173653000802180653002802188653000802216653002502224653002802249653000802277100001802285700001402303700001702317700001802334700001902352700001902371700002302390700001402413856007102427       2018                        eng d  a0960-982200aEncoding of Multiple Reward-Related Computations in Transient and Sustained High-Frequency Activity in Human OFC0 aEncoding of Multiple RewardRelated Computations in Transient and  a2889 - 2899.e30 v283 aSummary Human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has long been implicated in value-based decision making. In recent years, convergent evidence from human and model organisms has further elucidated its role in representing reward-related computations underlying decision making. However, a detailed description of these processes remains elusive due in part to (1) limitations in our ability to observe human OFC neural dynamics at the timescale of decision processes and (2) methodological and interspecies differences that make it challenging to connect human and animal findings or to resolve discrepancies when they arise. Here, we sought to address these challenges by conducting multi-electrode electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings in neurosurgical patients during economic decision making to elucidate the electrophysiological signature, sub-second temporal profile, and anatomical distribution of reward-related computations within human OFC. We found that high-frequency activity (HFA) (70–200 Hz) reflected multiple valuation components grouped in two classes of valuation signals that were dissociable in temporal profile and information content: (1) fast, transient responses reflecting signals associated with choice and outcome processing, including anticipated risk and outcome regret, and (2) sustained responses explicitly encoding what happened in the immediately preceding trial. Anatomically, these responses were widely distributed in partially overlapping networks, including regions in the central OFC (Brodmann areas 11 and 13), which have been consistently implicated in reward processing in animal single-unit studies. Together, these results integrate insights drawn from human and animal studies and provide evidence for a role of human OFC in representing multiple reward computations.10aECoC10aElectrocorticography10aERP10aevent-related potential10afield potential10aFP10aHFA10ahigh-frequency activity10aOFC10aorbitofrontal cortex10areward-prediction error10aRPE1 aSaez, Ignacio1 aLin, Jack1 aStolk, Arjen1 aChang, Edward1 aParvizi, Josef1 aSchalk, Gerwin1 aKnight, Robert, T.1 aHsu, Ming  uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982218309758