01581nas a2200205   4500008004100000020002200041022002200063245003800085210003800123260005700161300001000218520096900228100001901197700001701216700001501233700002301248700001801271700001901289856006701308       2015                        eng d  a978-3-319-25188-2  a978-3-319-25190-500aTowards an Auditory Attention BCI0 aTowards an Auditory Attention BCI  aNew York City, NYbSpringer International Publishing  a29-423 aPeople affected by severe neuro-degenerative diseases (e.g., late-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or locked-in syndrome) eventually lose all muscular control and are no longer able to gesture or speak. For this population, an auditory BCI is one of only a few remaining means of communication. All currently used auditory BCIs require a relatively artificial mapping between a stimulus and a communication output. This mapping is cumbersome to learn and use. Recent studies suggest that electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals in the gamma band (i.e., 70–170 Hz) can be used to infer the identity of auditory speech stimuli, effectively removing the need to learn such an artificial mapping. However, BCI systems that use this physiological mechanism for communication purposes have not yet been described. In this study, we explore this possibility by implementing a BCI2000-based real-time system that uses ECoG signals to identify the attended speaker.1 aBrunner, Peter1 aDijkstra, K.1 aCoon, W.G.1 aMellinger, Jürgen1 aRitaccio, A L1 aSchalk, Gerwin  uhttp://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-25190-5_4