01152nas a2200145   4500008004100000022001400041245003100055210002900086300001200115490000800127520078900135653001300924100002100937856004800958       2013                        eng d  a0072-975200aBrain-computer interfaces.0 aBraincomputer interfaces  a67–740 v1103 aBrain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that give their users communication and control capabilities that do not depend on muscles. The user&#39;s intentions are determined from activity recorded by electrodes on the scalp, on the cortical surface, or within the brain. BCIs can enable people who are paralyzed by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, or other disorders to convey their needs and wishes to others, to operate word-processing programs or other software, or possibly to control a wheelchair or a neuroprosthesis. BCI technology might also augment rehabilitation protocols aimed at restoring useful motor function. With continued development and clinical implementation, BCIs could substantially improve the lives of those with severe disabilities.10aSoftware1 aWolpaw, Jonathan  uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23312631