@article {4343, title = {Potential differences between monolingual and bilingual patients in approach and outcome after awake brain surgery.}, journal = {J Neurooncol}, volume = {148}, year = {2020}, month = {07/2020}, pages = {587-598}, abstract = {

INTRODUCTION: 20.8\% of the United States population and 67\% of the European population speak two or more languages. Intraoperative different languages, mapping, and localization are crucial. This investigation aims to address three questions between BL and ML patients: (1) Are there differences in complications (i.e. seizures) and DECS techniques during intra-operative brain mapping? (2) Is EOR different? and (3) Are there differences in the recovery pattern post-surgery?

METHODS: Data from 56 patients that underwent left-sided awake craniotomy for tumors infiltrating possible dominant hemisphere language areas from September 2016 to June 2019 were identified and analyzed in this study; 14 BL and 42 ML control patients. Patient demographics, education level, and the age of language acquisition were documented and evaluated. fMRI was performed on all participants.

RESULTS: 0 (0\%) BL and 3 (7\%) ML experienced intraoperative seizures (P = 0.73). BL patients received a higher direct DECS current in comparison to the ML patients (average = 4.7, 3.8, respectively, P = 0.03). The extent of resection was higher in ML patients in comparison to the BL patients (80.9 vs. 64.8, respectively, P = 0.04). The post-operative KPS scores were higher in BL patients in comparison to ML patients (84.3, 77.4, respectively, P = 0.03). BL showed lower drop in post-operative KPS in comparison to ML patients (- 4.3, - 8.7, respectively, P = 0.03).

CONCLUSION: We show that BL patients have a lower incidence of intra-operative seizures, lower EOR, higher post-operative KPS and tolerate higher DECS current, in comparison to ML patients.

}, keywords = {Brain Mapping, Brain Neoplasms, Craniotomy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glioma, Humans, Incidence, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Seizures, United States, Wakefulness}, issn = {1573-7373}, doi = {10.1007/s11060-020-03554-0}, author = {ReFaey, Karim and Tripathi, Shashwat and Bhargav, Adip G and Grewal, Sanjeet S and Middlebrooks, Erik H and Sabsevitz, David S and Jentoft, Mark and Peter Brunner and Wu, Adela and Tatum, William O and Ritaccio, Anthony and Chaichana, Kaisorn L and Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo} } @article {3340, title = {Electromagnetic stretch of individual muscles in behaving primates.}, journal = {Brain research}, volume = {141}, year = {1978}, month = {02/1978}, pages = {193{\textendash}196}, keywords = {Wakefulness}, issn = {0006-8993}, doi = {10.1016/0006-8993(78)90630-3}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/414823}, author = {Jonathan Wolpaw and Colburn, T. R.} }