@article {4583,
	title = {A novel theta-controlled vibrotactile brain-computer interface to treat chronic pain: a pilot study.},
	journal = {Sci Rep},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2024},
	month = {2024 Feb 10},
	pages = {3433},
	abstract = {<p>Limitations in chronic pain therapies necessitate novel interventions that are effective, accessible, and safe. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) provide a promising modality for targeting neuropathology underlying chronic pain by converting recorded neural activity into perceivable outputs. Recent evidence suggests that increased frontal theta power (4-7~Hz) reflects pain relief from chronic and acute pain. Further studies have suggested that vibrotactile stimulation decreases pain intensity in experimental and clinical models. This longitudinal, non-randomized, open-label pilot study{\textquoteright}s objective was to reinforce frontal theta activity in six patients with chronic upper extremity pain using a novel vibrotactile neurofeedback BCI system. Patients increased their BCI performance, reflecting thought-driven control of neurofeedback, and showed a significant decrease in pain severity (1.29 {\textpm} 0.25 MAD, p = 0.03, q = 0.05) and pain interference (1.79 {\textpm} 1.10 MAD p = 0.03, q = 0.05) scores without any adverse events. Pain relief significantly correlated with frontal theta modulation. These findings highlight the potential of BCI-mediated cortico-sensory coupling of frontal theta with vibrotactile stimulation for alleviating chronic pain.</p>},
	keywords = {brain-computer interfaces, Chronic Pain, Electroencephalography, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Neurofeedback, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Pilot Projects},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-53261-3},
	author = {Demarest, Phillip and Rustamov, Nabi and Swift, James and Xie, Tao and Adamek, Markus and Cho, Hohyun and Wilson, Elizabeth and Han, Zhuangyu and Belsten, Alexander and Luczak, Nicholas and Brunner, Peter and Haroutounian, Simon and Leuthardt, Eric C}
}
@article {4557,
	title = {A novel theta-controlled vibrotactile brain{\textendash}computer interface to treat chronic pain: a pilot study},
	journal = {Scientific reports},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {3433},
	author = {Demarest, Phillip and Rustamov, Nabi and Swift, James and Xie, Tao and Adamek, Markus and Cho, Hohyun and Wilson, Elizabeth and Han, Zhuangyu and Belsten, Alexander and Luczak, Nicholas and others}
}
