@article {4574, title = {Graded decisions in the human brain.}, journal = {Nat Commun}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, month = {2024 May 21}, pages = {4308}, abstract = {

Decision-makers objectively commit to a definitive choice, yet at the subjective level, human decisions appear to be associated with a degree of uncertainty. Whether decisions are definitive (i.e., concluding in all-or-none choices), or whether the underlying representations are graded, remains unclear. To answer this question, we recorded intracranial neural signals directly from the brain while human subjects made perceptual decisions. The recordings revealed that broadband gamma activity reflecting~each individual{\textquoteright}s decision-making process, ramped up gradually while being graded by the accumulated decision evidence. Crucially, this grading effect persisted throughout the decision process without ever reaching a definite bound at the time of choice. This effect was most prominent in the parietal cortex, a brain region traditionally implicated in decision-making. These results provide neural evidence for a graded decision process in humans and an analog framework for flexible choice behavior.

}, keywords = {Adult, Brain, Choice Behavior, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Male, Parietal Lobe, Uncertainty, Young Adult}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-024-48342-w}, author = {Xie, Tao and Adamek, Markus and Cho, Hohyun and Adamo, Matthew A and Ritaccio, Anthony L and Willie, Jon T and Brunner, Peter and Kubanek, Jan} } @article {4555, title = {Graded decisions in the human brain}, journal = {Nature communications}, volume = {15}, year = {2024}, pages = {4308}, author = {Xie, Tao and Adamek, Markus and Cho, Hohyun and Adamo, Matthew A and Ritaccio, Anthony L and Willie, Jon T and Brunner, Peter and Kubanek, Jan} } @article {4559, title = {Neural populations in the language network differ in the size of their temporal receptive windows}, journal = {Nature Human Behaviour}, volume = {8}, year = {2024}, pages = {1924{\textendash}1942}, author = {Regev, Tamar I and Casto, Colton and Hosseini, Eghbal A and Adamek, Markus and Ritaccio, Anthony L and Willie, Jon T and Brunner, Peter and Fedorenko, Evelina} } @article {4448, title = {Passive functional mapping of receptive language cortex during general anesthesia using electrocorticography.}, journal = {Clin Neurophysiol}, volume = {147}, year = {2023}, month = {03/2023}, pages = {31-44}, abstract = {

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of passive functional mapping in the receptive language cortex during general anesthesia using electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals.

METHODS: We used subdurally placed ECoG grids to record cortical responses to speech stimuli during awake and anesthesia conditions. We identified the cortical areas with significant responses to the stimuli using the spectro-temporal consistency of the brain signal in the broadband gamma (BBG) frequency band (70-170~Hz).

RESULTS: We found that ECoG BBG responses during general anesthesia effectively identify cortical regions associated with receptive language function. Our analyses demonstrated that the ability to identify receptive language cortex varies across different states and depths of anesthesia. We confirmed these results by comparing them to receptive language areas identified during the awake condition. Quantification of these results demonstrated an average sensitivity and specificity of passive language mapping during general anesthesia to be 49{\textpm}7.7\% and 100\%, respectively.

CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that mapping receptive language cortex in patients during general anesthesia is feasible.

SIGNIFICANCE: Our proposed protocol could greatly expand the population of patients that can benefit from passive language mapping techniques, and could eliminate the risks associated with electrocortical stimulation during an awake craniotomy.

}, keywords = {Anesthesia, General, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electrocorticography, Humans, Language}, issn = {1872-8952}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.021}, author = {Nourmohammadi, Amin and Swift, James R and de Pesters, Adriana and Guay, Christian S and Adamo, Matthew A and Dalfino, John C and Ritaccio, Anthony L and Schalk, Gerwin and Brunner, Peter} }