@article {3413,
	title = {Interferon-gamma limits the availability of iron for intramacrophage Salmonella typhimurium.},
	journal = {Eur J Immunol},
	volume = {38},
	year = {2008},
	month = {07/2008},
	pages = {1923-36},
	abstract = {<p>In stimulating effector functions of mononuclear phagocytes, IFN-gamma is of pivotal importance in host defense against intramacrophage pathogens including salmonellae. As the activity of IFN-gamma is modulated by iron and since a sufficient availability of iron is essential for the growth of pathogens, we investigated the regulatory effects of IFN-gamma on iron homeostasis and immune function in murine macrophages infected with Salmonella typhimurium. In Salmonella-infected phagocytes, IFN-gamma caused a significant reduction of iron uptake via transferrin receptor 1 and resulted in an increased iron efflux caused by an enhanced expression of the iron exporter ferroportin 1. Moreover, the expression of haem oxygenase 1 and of the siderophore-capturing antimicrobial peptide lipocalin 2 was markedly elevated following bacterial invasion, with IFN-gamma exerting a super-inducing effect. This observed regulatory impact of IFN-gamma reduced the intracellular iron pools within infected phagocytes, thus restricting the acquisition of iron by engulfed Salmonella typhimurium while concomitantly promoting NO and TNF-alpha production. Our data suggest that the modulation of crucial pathways of macrophage iron metabolism in response to IFN-gamma concordantly aims at withdrawing iron from intracellular Salmonella and at strengthening macrophage immune response functions. These regulations are thus consistent with the principles of nutritional immunity.</p>},
	keywords = {Acute-Phase Proteins, Animals, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, Cation Transport Proteins, Cell Line, Ferritins, Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing), Hepcidins, Interferon-gamma, Iron, Lipocalins, Macrophages, Mice, Nitric Oxide, Oncogene Proteins, Salmonella typhimurium, Transferrin, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha},
	issn = {0014-2980},
	doi = {10.1002/eji.200738056},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18581323},
	author = {Nairz, Manfred and Fritsche, Gernot and Peter Brunner and Talasz, Heribert and Hantke, Klaus and Weiss, G{\"u}nter}
}
