@article {2203, title = {Current Trends in Hardware and Software for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).}, journal = {J Neural Eng}, volume = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {04/2011}, pages = {025001}, abstract = {

A\ brain-computer interface\ (BCI) provides a non-muscular communication channel to people with and without disabilities.\ BCI\ devices consist of hardware and software.\ BCI\ hardware records signals from the\ brain, either invasively or non-invasively, using a series of device components.\ BCI\ software then translates these signals into device output commands and provides feedback. One may categorize different types of\ BCI\ applications into the following four categories: basic\ research, clinical/translational\ research, consumer products, and emerging applications. These four categories use\ BCI\ hardware and software, but have different sets of requirements. For example, while basic\ research\ needs to explore a wide range of system configurations, and thus requires a wide range of hardware and software capabilities, applications in the other three categories may be designed for relatively narrow purposes and thus may only need a very limited subset of capabilities. This paper summarizes technical aspects for each of these four categories of\ BCI\ applications. The results indicate that\ BCI\ technology is in transition from isolated demonstrations to systematic\ research\ and commercial\ development. This process requires several multidisciplinary efforts, including the\ development\ of better integrated and more robust\ BCI\ hardware and software, the definition of standardized\ interfaces, and the\ developmentof certification, dissemination and reimbursement procedures.

}, keywords = {Biofeedback, Psychology, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Humans, Man-Machine Systems, Software, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1741-2552}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025001}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436536}, author = {Peter Brunner and Bianchi, L and Guger, C and Cincotti, F and Gerwin Schalk} } @proceedings {2243, title = {Effective brain-computer interfacing using BCI2000.}, volume = {2009}, year = {2009}, month = {2009}, pages = {5498-501}, abstract = {To facilitate research and development in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) research, we have been developing a general-purpose BCI system, called BCI2000, over the past nine years. This system has enjoyed a growing adoption in BCI and related areas and has been the basis for some of the most impressive studies reported to date. This paper gives an update on the status of this project by describing the principles of the BCI2000 system, its benefits, and impact on the field to date.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Brain, Electrocardiography, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Rehabilitation, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1557-170X}, doi = {10.1109/IEMBS.2009.5334558}, author = {Gerwin Schalk} } @article {2176, title = {BCI meeting 2005 - Workshop on Technology: Hardware and Software.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng}, volume = {14}, year = {2006}, month = {06/2006}, pages = {128-31}, abstract = {

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop to review and evaluate the current state of BCI-related hardware and software. Technical requirements and current technologies, standardization procedures and future trends are covered. The main conclusion was recognition of the need to focus technical requirements on the users{\textquoteright} needs and the need for consistent standards in BCI research.

}, keywords = {Algorithms, Biotechnology, Brain, Communication Aids for Disabled, Computers, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Humans, Internationality, Man-Machine Systems, Neuromuscular Diseases, Software, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1534-4320}, doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2006.875584}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16792276}, author = {Cincotti, F and Bianchi, L and Birch, Gary and Guger, C and Mellinger, J{\"u}rgen and Scherer, Reinhold and Schmidt, Robert N and Y{\'a}{\~n}ez Su{\'a}rez, Oscar and Gerwin Schalk} } @article {2166, title = {BCI2000: a general-purpose brain-computer interface (BCI) system.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Biomed Eng}, volume = {51}, year = {2004}, month = {06/2004}, pages = {1034-43}, abstract = {Many laboratories have begun to develop brain-computer interface (BCI) systems that provide communication and control capabilities to people with severe motor disabilities. Further progress and realization of practical applications depends on systematic evaluations and comparisons of different brain signals, recording methods, processing algorithms, output formats, and operating protocols. However, the typical BCI system is designed specifically for one particular BCI method and is, therefore, not suited to the systematic studies that are essential for continued progress. In response to this problem, we have developed a documented general-purpose BCI research and development platform called BCI2000. BCI2000 can incorporate alone or in combination any brain signals, signal processing methods, output devices, and operating protocols. This report is intended to describe to investigators, biomedical engineers, and computer scientists the concepts that the BC12000 system is based upon and gives examples of successful BCI implementations using this system. To date, we have used BCI2000 to create BCI systems for a variety of brain signals, processing methods, and applications. The data show that these systems function well in online operation and that BCI2000 satisfies the stringent real-time requirements of BCI systems. By substantially reducing labor and cost, BCI2000 facilitates the implementation of different BCI systems and other psychophysiological experiments. It is available with full documentation and free of charge for research or educational purposes and is currently being used in a variety of studies by many research groups.}, keywords = {Algorithms, Brain, Cognition, Communication Aids for Disabled, Computer Peripherals, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Evoked Potentials, Humans, Systems Integration, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {0018-9294}, doi = {10.1109/TBME.2004.827072}, author = {Gerwin Schalk and Dennis J. McFarland and Hinterberger, T. and Niels Birbaumer and Jonathan Wolpaw} }