@article {3230, title = {Brain-computer communication: unlocking the locked in.}, journal = {Psychological bulletin}, volume = {127}, year = {2001}, month = {05/2001}, pages = {358{\textendash}375}, abstract = {With the increasing efficiency of life-support systems and better intensive care, more patients survive severe injuries of the brain and spinal cord. Many of these patients experience locked-in syndrome: The active mind is locked in a paralyzed body. Consequently, communication is extremely restricted or impossible. A muscle-independent communication channel overcomes this problem and is realized through a brain-computer interface, a direct connection between brain and computer. The number of technically elaborated brain-computer interfaces is in contrast with the number of systems used in the daily life of locked-in patients. It is hypothesized that a profound knowledge and consideration of psychological principles are necessary to make brain-computer interfaces feasible for locked-in patients.}, keywords = {User-Computer Interface}, issn = {0033-2909}, doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.358}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11393301}, author = {K{\"u}bler, A. and Kotchoubey, B. and Kaiser, J. and Jonathan Wolpaw and Niels Birbaumer} }