@article {2541, title = {Review of the BCI Competition IV.}, journal = {Frontiers in Neuroprosthetics}, volume = {6}, year = {2012}, month = {07/2012}, pages = {1-31}, abstract = {The BCI competition IV stands in the tradition of prior BCI competitions that aim to provide high quality neuroscientific data for open access to the scientific community. As experienced already in prior competitions not only scientists from the narrow field of BCI compete, but scholars with a broad variety of backgrounds and nationalities. They include high specialists as well as students. The goals of all BCI competitions have always been to challenge with respect to novel paradigms and complex data. We report on the following challenges: (1) asynchronous data, (2) synthetic, (3) multi-class continuous data, (4) session-to-session transfer, (5) directionally modulated MEG, (6) finger movements recorded by ECoG. As after past competitions, our hope is that winning entries may enhance the analysis methods of future BCIs.}, keywords = {BCI, brain-computer interface, competition}, doi = {10.3389/fnins.2012.00055}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22811657}, author = {Tangermann, M. and Muller, K.R. and Aertsen, A. and Niels Birbaumer and Christoph Braun and Brunner, Clemens and Leeb, R. and Mehring, C. and Miller, K.J. and Mueller-Putz, G. and Nolte, G. and Pfurtscheller, G. and Preissl, H. and Gerwin Schalk and Schl{\"o}gl, A. and Vidaurre, C. and Waldert, S. and Benjamin Blankertz} } @article {2199, title = {Cortical activity during motor execution, motor imagery, and imagery-based online feedback.}, journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A}, volume = {107}, year = {2010}, month = {03/2010}, pages = {4430-5}, abstract = {

Imagery\ of\ motor\ movement plays an important role in learning of complex\ motor\ skills, from learning to serve in tennis to perfecting a pirouette in ballet. What and where are the neural substrates that underlie\ motorimagery-based\ learning? We measured electrocorticographic\ cortical\ surface potentials in eight human subjects during overt action and kinesthetic\ imagery\ of the same movement, focusing on power in "high frequency" (76-100 Hz) and "low frequency" (8-32 Hz) ranges. We quantitatively establish that the spatial distribution of local neuronal population\ activity\ during\ motorimagery\ mimics the spatial distribution of\ activity\ during actual\ motor\ movement. By comparing responses to electrocortical stimulation with\ imagery-induced\ cortical\ surface\ activity, we demonstrate the role of primary\ motor\ areas in movement\ imagery. The magnitude of\ imagery-induced\ corticalactivity\ change was approximately 25\% of that associated with actual movement. However, when subjects learned to use this\ imagery\ to control a computer cursor in a simple\ feedback\ task, the\ imagery-induced\ activity\ change was significantly augmented, even exceeding that of overt movement.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Biofeedback, Psychology, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Electric Stimulation, Electrocardiography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Young Adult}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0913697107}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20160084}, author = {Miller, K.J. and Gerwin Schalk and Fetz, Eberhard E and den Nijs, Marcel and Ojemann, J G and Rao, Rajesh P N} } @article {2186, title = {Two-dimensional movement control using electrocorticographic signals in humans.}, journal = {J Neural Eng}, volume = {5}, year = {2008}, month = {03/2008}, pages = {75-84}, abstract = {

We show here that a\ brain-computer\ interface (BCI) using electrocorticographic activity (ECoG) and imagined or overt motor tasks enables humans to control a\ computer\ cursor in two dimensions. Over a brief training period of 12-36 min, each of five human subjects acquired substantial control of particular ECoG features recorded from several locations over the same hemisphere, and achieved average success rates of 53-73\% in a two-dimensional four-target center-out task in which chance accuracy was 25\%. Our results support the expectation that ECoG-based BCIs can combine high performance with technical and\ clinical\ practicality, and also indicate promising directions for further research.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Adult, Brain Mapping, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Drug Resistance, Electrocardiography, Electrodes, Implanted, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Male, Movement, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1741-2560}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/5/1/008}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18310813}, author = {Gerwin Schalk and Miller, K.J. and Nicholas R Anderson and Adam J Wilson and Smyth, Matt and Ojemann, J G and Moran, D and Jonathan Wolpaw and Leuthardt, E C} } @proceedings {2695, title = {Towards two-dimensional cursor control using electrocorticographic signals}, year = {2005}, author = {Gerwin Schalk and Leuthardt, E C and Moran, D and Miller, K.J. and Ojemann, J G and Jonathan Wolpaw} } @conference {3437, title = {Towards two-dimensional cursor control using electrocorticographic signals.}, booktitle = {Proceedings to the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, author = {Gerwin Schalk and Leuthardt, E C and Moran, D and Miller, K.J. and Ojemann, J G and Jonathan Wolpaw} }