@article {4112, title = {Real-time detection and discrimination of visual perception using electrocorticographic signals}, journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering}, volume = {15}, year = {2018}, month = {02/2018}, abstract = {Several neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that the ventral temporal cortex contains specialized regions that process visual stimuli. This study investigated the spatial and temporal dynamics of electrocorticographic (ECoG) responses to different types and colors of visual stimulation that were presented to four human participants, and demonstrated a real-time decoder that detects and discriminates responses to untrained natural images. Approach. ECoG signals from the participants were recorded while they were shown colored and greyscale versions of seven types of visual stimuli (images of faces, objects, bodies, line drawings, digits, and kanji and hiragana characters), resulting in 14 classes for discrimination (experiment I). Additionally, a real-time system asynchronously classified ECoG responses to faces, kanji and black screens presented via a monitor (experiment II), or to natural scenes (i.e. the face of an experimenter, natural images of faces and kanji, and a mirror) (experiment III). Outcome measures in all experiments included the discrimination performance across types based on broadband γ activity. Main results. Experiment I demonstrated an offline classification accuracy of 72.9\% when discriminating among the seven types (without color separation). Further discrimination of grey versus colored images reached an accuracy of 67.1\%. Discriminating all colors and types (14 classes) yielded an accuracy of 52.1\%. In experiment II and III, the real-time decoder correctly detected 73.7\% responses to face, kanji and black computer stimuli and 74.8\% responses to presented natural scenes. Significance. Seven different types and their color information (either grey or color) could be detected and discriminated using broadband γ activity. Discrimination performance maximized for combined spatial-temporal information. The discrimination of stimulus color information provided the first ECoG-based evidence for color-related population-level cortical broadband γ responses in humans. Stimulus categories can be detected by their ECoG responses in real time within 500 ms with respect to stimulus onset.}, keywords = {BCI, Brain{\textendash}computer interface, ECoG, gamma, high gamma mapping, real-time, visual}, doi = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2552/aaa9f6/pdf}, url = {http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1741-2552/aaa9f6/pdf}, author = {Kapeller, C and Ogawa, H and Schalk, G and Kunii, N and Coon, WG and Scharinger, J and Guger, C and Kamada, K} } @proceedings {2955, title = {cortiQ {\textendash} Clinical Software for Electrocorticographic Real-Time Functional Mapping of the Eloquent Cortex}, year = {2013}, author = {Prueckl, R. and Kapeller, C and Potes, Cristhian and Korostenskaja, M and Gerwin Schalk and Lee, K.H. and Guger, C} } @inbook {2539, title = {Hardware and Software Technologies.}, booktitle = {Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice}, year = {2012}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, organization = {Oxford University Press}, issn = {978-0195388855}, author = {Gerwin Schalk and Guger, C and Adam J Wilson}, editor = {Jonathan Wolpaw and E. Winter-Wolpaw} } @article {2203, title = {Current Trends in Hardware and Software for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs).}, journal = {J Neural Eng}, volume = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {04/2011}, pages = {025001}, abstract = {

A\ brain-computer interface\ (BCI) provides a non-muscular communication channel to people with and without disabilities.\ BCI\ devices consist of hardware and software.\ BCI\ hardware records signals from the\ brain, either invasively or non-invasively, using a series of device components.\ BCI\ software then translates these signals into device output commands and provides feedback. One may categorize different types of\ BCI\ applications into the following four categories: basic\ research, clinical/translational\ research, consumer products, and emerging applications. These four categories use\ BCI\ hardware and software, but have different sets of requirements. For example, while basic\ research\ needs to explore a wide range of system configurations, and thus requires a wide range of hardware and software capabilities, applications in the other three categories may be designed for relatively narrow purposes and thus may only need a very limited subset of capabilities. This paper summarizes technical aspects for each of these four categories of\ BCI\ applications. The results indicate that\ BCI\ technology is in transition from isolated demonstrations to systematic\ research\ and commercial\ development. This process requires several multidisciplinary efforts, including the\ development\ of better integrated and more robust\ BCI\ hardware and software, the definition of standardized\ interfaces, and the\ developmentof certification, dissemination and reimbursement procedures.

}, keywords = {Biofeedback, Psychology, Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Humans, Man-Machine Systems, Software, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1741-2552}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/8/2/025001}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21436536}, author = {Peter Brunner and Bianchi, L and Guger, C and Cincotti, F and Gerwin Schalk} } @inbook {2538, title = {State-of-the-Art in BCI Research: BCI Award 2010.}, booktitle = {Recent Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Systems}, year = {2011}, pages = {193-222}, publisher = {InTech Press}, organization = {InTech Press}, issn = {978-953-307-175-6}, doi = {10.5772/15017}, url = {http://www.intechopen.com/books/recent-advances-in-brain-computer-interface-systems/state-of-the-art-in-bci-research-bci-award-2010}, author = {Guger, C and Gerwin Schalk}, editor = {Reza Fazel} } @article {2201, title = {Proceedings of the first international workshop on advances in electrocorticography.}, journal = {Epilepsy Behav}, volume = {19}, year = {2010}, month = {10/2010}, pages = {204-15}, abstract = {

In October 2009, a group of neurologists, neurosurgeons, computational neuroscientists, and engineers congregated to present novel developments transforming human electrocorticography (ECoG) beyond its established relevance in clinical epileptology. The contents of the proceedings advanced the role of ECoG in seizure detection and prediction, neurobehavioral research, functional mapping, and brain-computer interface technology. The meeting established the foundation for future work on the methodology and application of surface brain recordings.

}, keywords = {Brain, Brain Mapping, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Electroencephalography, Humans, International Cooperation, Seizures, Signal Detection, Psychological}, issn = {1525-5069}, doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.08.028}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20889384}, author = {A L Ritaccio and Peter Brunner and Cervenka, Mackenzie C and Nathan E. Crone and Guger, C and Leuthardt, E C and Oostenveld, Robert and Stacey, William and Gerwin Schalk} } @article {2176, title = {BCI meeting 2005 - Workshop on Technology: Hardware and Software.}, journal = {IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng}, volume = {14}, year = {2006}, month = {06/2006}, pages = {128-31}, abstract = {

This paper describes the outcome of discussions held during the Third International BCI Meeting at a workshop to review and evaluate the current state of BCI-related hardware and software. Technical requirements and current technologies, standardization procedures and future trends are covered. The main conclusion was recognition of the need to focus technical requirements on the users{\textquoteright} needs and the need for consistent standards in BCI research.

}, keywords = {Algorithms, Biotechnology, Brain, Communication Aids for Disabled, Computers, Electroencephalography, Equipment Design, Humans, Internationality, Man-Machine Systems, Neuromuscular Diseases, Software, User-Computer Interface}, issn = {1534-4320}, doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2006.875584}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16792276}, author = {Cincotti, F and Bianchi, L and Birch, Gary and Guger, C and Mellinger, J{\"u}rgen and Scherer, Reinhold and Schmidt, Robert N and Y{\'a}{\~n}ez Su{\'a}rez, Oscar and Gerwin Schalk} }