@article {4357,
	title = {A neural population selective for song in human auditory cortex},
	journal = {Current Biology},
	volume = {32},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1470-1484.e12},
	abstract = {Summary How is music represented in the brain? While neuroimaging has revealed some spatial segregation between responses to music versus other sounds, little is known about the neural code for music itself. To address this question, we developed a method to infer canonical response components of human auditory cortex using intracranial responses to natural sounds, and further used the superior coverage of fMRI to map their spatial distribution. The inferred components replicated many prior findings, including distinct neural selectivity for speech and music, but also revealed a novel component that responded nearly exclusively to music with singing. Song selectivity was not explainable by standard acoustic features, was located near speech- and music-selective responses, and was also evident in individual electrodes. These results suggest that representations of music are fractionated into subpopulations selective for different types of music, one of which is specialized for the analysis of song.},
	keywords = {Auditory Cortex, component, ECoG, Electrocorticography, fMRI, music, natural sounds, song, Speech, voice},
	issn = {0960-9822},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.069},
	url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960982222001312},
	author = {Sam V. Norman-Haignere and Jenelle Feather and Dana Boebinger and Peter Brunner and Anthony Ritaccio and Josh H. McDermott and Gerwin Schalk and Nancy Kanwisher}
}
@article {3407,
	title = {Real-time functional mapping: potential tool for improving language outcome in pediatric epilepsy surgery.},
	journal = {J Neurosurg Pediatr},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2014},
	month = {09/2014},
	pages = {287-95},
	abstract = {<p>Accurate language localization expands surgical treatment options for epilepsy patients and reduces the risk of postsurgery language deficits. Electrical cortical stimulation mapping (ESM) is considered to be the clinical gold standard for language localization. While ESM affords clinically valuable results, it can be poorly tolerated by children, requires active participation and compliance, carries a risk of inducing seizures, is highly time consuming, and is labor intensive. Given these limitations, alternative and/or complementary functional localization methods such as analysis of electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity in high gamma frequency band in real time are needed to precisely identify eloquent cortex in children. In this case report, the authors examined 1) the use of real-time functional mapping (RTFM) for language localization in a high gamma frequency band derived from ECoG to guide surgery in an epileptic pediatric patient and 2) the relationship of RTFM mapping results to postsurgical language outcomes. The authors found that RTFM demonstrated relatively high sensitivity (75\%) and high specificity (90\%) when compared with ESM in a "next-neighbor" analysis. While overlapping with ESM in the superior temporal region, RTFM showed a few other areas of activation related to expressive language function, areas that were eventually resected during the surgery. The authors speculate that this resection may be associated with observed postsurgical expressive language deficits. With additional validation in more subjects, this finding would suggest that surgical planning and associated assessment of the risk/benefit ratio would benefit from information provided by RTFM mapping.</p>},
	keywords = {Adolescent, Anticonvulsants, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Electric Stimulation, Electroencephalography, Epilepsies, Partial, Female, Humans, Language, Neuropsychological Tests, Sensitivity and Specificity, Speech},
	issn = {1933-0715},
	doi = {10.3171/2014.6.PEDS13477},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24995815},
	author = {Korostenskaja, Milena and Chen, Po-Ching and Salinas, Christine M and Westerveld, Michael and Peter Brunner and Gerwin Schalk and Cook, Jane C and Baumgartner, James and Lee, Ki H}
}
