@article {3166,
	title = {Operantly conditioned motoneuron plasticity: possible role of sodium channels.},
	journal = {Journal of neurophysiology},
	volume = {73},
	year = {1995},
	month = {02/1995},
	pages = {867{\textendash}871},
	abstract = {1. Learning is traditionally thought to depend on synaptic plasticity. However, recent work shows that operantly conditioned decrease in the primate H reflex is associated with an increase in the depolarization needed to fire the spinal motoneuron (VDEP) and a decrease in its conduction velocity (CV). Furthermore, the increase in VDEP appears to be largely responsible for the H-reflex decrease. The conjunction of these changes in VDEP and CV suggests that an alteration in Na+ channel properties throughout the soma and axon could be responsible. 2. A mathematical model of the mammalian myelinated axon was used to test whether a positive shift in the voltage dependence of Na+ channel activation, a decrease in Na+ channel peak permeability, or changes in other fiber properties could have accounted for the experimental findings. 3. A positive shift of 2.2 mV in Na+ channel activation reproduced the experimentally observed changes in VDEP and CV, whereas a reduction in Na+ channel permeability or changes in other fiber properties did not. 4. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that operantly conditioned decrease in the primate H reflex is largely due to a positive shift in the voltage dependence of Na+ channel activation. Recent studies suggest that change in activation of protein kinase C may mediate this effect.},
	keywords = {Sodium Channels},
	issn = {0022-3077},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7760141},
	author = {Halter, J. A. and Jonathan S. Carp and Jonathan Wolpaw}
}
