@article {2145, title = {An Auditory Paradigm for Brain{\textendash}Computer Interfaces.}, year = {2004}, month = {2004}, abstract = {

Motivated by the particular problems involved in communicating with {\textquotedblleft}locked-in{\textquotedblright} paralysed patients, we aim to develop a brain- computer interface that uses auditory stimuli. We describe a paradigm that allows a user to make a binary decision by focusing attention on one of two concurrent auditory stimulus sequences. Using Support Vector Machine classification and Recursive Chan- nel Elimination on the independent components of averaged event- related potentials, we show that an untrained user{\textquoteright}s EEG data can be classified with an encouragingly high level of accuracy. This suggests that it is possible for users to modulate EEG signals in a single trial by the conscious direction of attention, well enough to be useful in BCI.\ 

}, keywords = {Brain Computer Interfaces}, url = {http://papers.nips.cc/paper/2551-an-auditory-paradigm-for-brain-computer-interfaces}, author = {Jeremy Jeremy Hill and Lal, T.N and Bierig, K. and Niels Birbaumer and Sch{\"o}lkopf, B} }